《论读书》of studies中英文.docxVIP

读书足以怡情,足以博彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最 见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其 长才也,最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理 细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好 学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰 ,文采藻饰太盛则矫 , 全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足,经验又 补读书之不足,盖天生才干犹如自然花草,读书然后知 如何修剪移接;而书中所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而 无当。有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者羡读书,唯明智之 士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而 在书外,全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者,不 可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细 思。书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。 换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则 须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读, 取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否则书 经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强, 不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,使能无知而显有知。读史使人明智, 读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人善 辩:凡有所学,皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍,无不可读适当之书使之顺畅,一如身体 百病,皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾,射箭利胸肺,慢步利肠胃,骑术利头脑, 诸如此类。如智力不集中,可令读数学,盖演题须全神贯注,稍有分散即须重演;如不 能辨异,可令读经院哲学,盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人;如不善求同,不善以一物阐证另一 物,可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷,皆有特药可医。 1、Introduction to Author 22 January 1561 –9 April 1626 Trinity College, Cambridge an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author and pioneer of the scientific method the father of empiricism scientific revolution Empiricism [empirisiz?m] is a theory of knowledge that asserts that knowledge comes only or primarily via sensory experience. One of several views of epistemology [i,pistim?l?d?i] , the study of human knowledge, along with rationalism, idealism and historicism, empiricism emphasizes the role of experience and evidence, especially sensory perception, in the formation of ideas, over the notion of innate ideas or traditions The Scientific Revolution is an era associated primarily with the 16th and 17th centuries during which new ideas and knowledge in physics, astronomy, biology, medicine and chemistry transformed medieval and ancient views of nature and laid the foundations for modern science. According to most accounts, the scientific revolution began in Europe towards the end of the Renaissance era and continued through the late 18th century, the later period known as The Enlightenment. [The] new Philosophy calls all in doubt, The Element of fire is quite put out; The Sun is lost, and thearth, and no mans wi