大学英语四级综合54.docx

大学英语四级综合-54 (总分：180.00，做题时间：90 分钟) 一、Unit 7(总题数：4，分数：180.00) Passage One A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should notlead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. ①It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, ifa parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances of the time antdhe individual child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better. A charge made against fairy tales is that they harmthe child by frightening him or arousinghis sadistic(残暴的) impulses. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, ! think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy stories. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered. ②There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl friend. No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no san