净零资产所有者联盟关于政府碳定价的立场文件（英）-2022.6.pdf

Investment Leadership Programme UN-convened Net-Zero Asset Owner Alliance Position paper on Governmental Carbon Pricing June 2022 In partnership with: Position paper on Governmental Carbon Pricing 1 Contents Preface 4 Executive summary 5 1. Introduction to carbon pricing8 1.1 Overview of carbon pricing and types of instruments8 1.2 Status of carbon pricing globally and scaling required to reach net zero 11 2. Suggested best practice in carbon pricing design 12 2.1 Ensuring appropriate coverage and ambition14 2.2 Delivering a just transition 17 2.3 Providing a predictable price signal19 2.4 Minimising competitive distortions23 2.5 Promoting international cooperation26 3. Carbon pricing within a net-zero policy mix29 3.1 Enabling policies29 3.2 Complementary policies to reach net zero32 Table of figures Figure 1: Carbon cost pass-through mechanism 9 Figure 2: Sectoral coverage of Emission Trading Systems 15 Figure 3: Current explicit carbon pricing level and coverage across leading economies 16 Figure 4: Change in CO emissions and GDP in Sweden 17 2 Figure 5: Overview of mitigation options and their estimated range of costs and potentials in 2030 19 Figure 6: Illustration of a carbon price corridor 21 Figure 7: Impact of market stability measures on prices in the EU ETS22 Figure 8: Illustrative example of CBAM24 Figure 9: Illustration of the proposed EU CBAM25 Figure 10: Mechanisms for international cooperation under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement 27 F