当代管理学翻译CE全球经济环境.pptxVIP

;The Global Environment Changed改变中全球环境;改变中全球环境; Barriers of Trade and Investment Reduce 贸易和投资壁垒降低;贸易和投资壁垒降低;Distance Culture Barriers地域与文化障碍;地域与文化障碍;Effects on Managers对管理者影响;对管理者影响;Free Trade;自由贸易;Global Task Environment;全球任务环境;Suppliers Distributors;供给商与分销商;Customers Competitors;用户与竞争者;Forces in the Global General Environment;全球普通环境中各种原因;Political-Legal Forces政治和法律原因;政治和法律原因;Totalitarian regimes（极权政权）: a single political party or person monopolize power in a country. Typically do not recognize or permit opposition. Most safeguards found in a democracy do not exist. Examples include Iran, Iraq, and China. These are difficult to do business with given the lack of economic freedom. Further, human rights issues also cause managers to avoid dealing with these countries.;极权政权: 单个政党、个人或集团控制着全部政治权利。 既不认可更不允许来自个人或集团反对。 大部分在民主代表制国家中建立起来宪法保障不存在。 比如伊朗，伊拉克和中国。 与这些缺乏经济自由国家做生意是困难。 其次，人权问题也会使管理者防止与这些国家进行贸易往来或到这些国家投资。;Economic Systems;经济原因;Recent Trends近年来趋势;近年来趋势;Changing Political and Economic Forces;政治、经济原因发生改变;Sociocultural Forces社会文化原因;社会文化原因;Norms: social rules prescribing behavior in a given situation. 规范: 是人们在特定场所下以及与他人交往时行为方式不成文行为准则。 Folkways: routine social conventions including dress codes and manners. 社会习俗: 就是人们日常生活中社会习惯，如得体装束和礼貌。 Mores: Norms that are central to functioning of society. much more significant that folkways. 道德规范: 是对社会功效发挥和社会生活非常主要行为规范，与社会习俗相比，它含有更大意义。 Norms vary from country to country. 规范因国家不一样而不一样。;Hofstede’s Model of National Culture;Individualism v. Collectivism个人主义与集体主义;个人主义与集体主义;Power Distance权利差距;权利差距;Achievement Oriented vs Nurture Oriented成就导向与关心导向;Uncertainty Avoidance不确定性躲避;不确定性躲避;Long-term Orientation and Short-term Orientation长久导向和短期导向;Options of International Expansion国际扩张方式;国际扩张方式;International Options国际扩张方式;国际扩张方式;International Expansion;国际扩张;The Factors of Hobbling Environment妨碍全球环境趋向开放原因;妨碍全球环境趋向开放原因