2022年人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册同步课件Unit 3 SectionⅡ Discovering Useful Structures.pptxVIP

UNIT 3　FOOD AND CULTURE;Section Ⅱ　Discovering Useful Structures;夯基提能作业;单元语法精析 ;过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态 语法点拨 一、过去完成时 (1)构成：had＋过去分词 (2)用法 ①表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，这一过去时间可用by，before等构成的短语及when，before，after，by the time等引导的状语从句表示。;By the end of last year, he had collected more than 100 foreign records. 到去年年底，他已收集了超过100张外国唱片。 I had finished my homework before I had supper. 我在晚饭前把家庭作业做完了。;②表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。 这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与for，since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。 When I saw him, he had not eaten anything for two days. 当我看到他时，他已经两天没吃任何东西了。 He said that great changes had taken place in his hometown since 1990. 他说自从1990年以来他的家乡发生了很大的变化。;③表示原计划或打算做某事而没有做成。 常用动词有want，mean，plan，hope，suppose，expect，intend等。 They had wanted to help but couldn’t get there in time. 他们本来是要去帮忙的，但未能及时赶到那里。 He had hoped to catch the 800 bus, but found it gone. 他原希望赶上8点的公共汽车，却发现那趟车已经走了。;(3)特殊句式 ①It/This/That was the first/second...time that sb. had done sth.这是/那是某人第一次/第二次……做某事 This was the second time that the musician had toured Europe. 这是这位音乐家第二次在欧洲巡回演出。;②用于hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than句式中。 The audience had hardly been seated when the saxophone solo started. 观众刚落座，萨克斯独奏就开始了。 I had no sooner finished the work than the light went out. 我刚完成工作，灯就熄灭了。 这两个句子可以把hardly，no sooner提到句首变成倒装句，时态不变。 Hardly had the audience been seated when the saxophone solo started. No sooner had I finished the work than the light went out.;在含有after或before引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，由于主句和从句的动作先后关系明显，所以可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 After he left the room, the boss came in. 他离开房间后，老板进来了。 The train left before he got there. 他还没到那儿，火车就开走了。;(4)过去完成时、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别，试比较： He had worked as a lecturer before he became a manager. 在成为一名经理之前，他做过讲师。 He has been a manager for years. 他当经理已经有几个年头了。 He once worked as a lecturer, but now he is a manager. 他曾做过讲师，但现在他是一名经理。;二、过去完成时的被动语态 (1)构成：had been＋及物动词的过去分词 (2)用法 ①表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 A new agreement had been signed by the time we got there. 等我们到那儿的时候，一项新协议已经签署了。