初中英语现在完成时语法总结.docx

初中英语现在完成时语法总复习 一、 Topic:现在完成时 二、lead in：一般现在时（经常性动作或状态；客观事实或真理） 现在进行时（正在进行的动作或持续的状态） 一般过去时（过去发生的，或过去经常性动作，回忆过去） 过去进行时（过去正在发生的动作或状态） 一般将来时（将来动作，将来经常性动作，打算或即将发生的动作/状态） 现在完成时：表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定 结束）的动作或状态。强调过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 三、presentation 结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他否定句： 一般疑问句及答语： 用法： ○1 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。考试中经常伴随明显的上下文提示。常用标志词有already, yet, just, ever, never, before, so far 等。 I have already finished my homework, so I can enjoy my vacation now. I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet? 【真题解析】 1.(2016 单 选 )We have worked so long. Shall we stop to have a rest? 2.（2016 选词填空）All of us have passed the exam. How happy we are! 3.(2015 选词填空)—Where are you going on vacation this summer? -- I haven’t planned it yet. [already 与 yet 的用法：already 常用语肯定句中，在助动词 have/has 之后； yet 常用于疑问句、否定句中，句末位置。含already 的陈述句变为疑问句或否定句时，already 改为 yet，放句末。] ○2 表示过去某一时间到现在期间反复发生的动作或多次动作的总和。常伴随 once, twice, three times, how many times…? 等标志词出现 I have seen this film for 6 times. It’s so good that I want to see it again tomorrow. 【真题解析】 a.（2015单选） --How many times have Carl gone to the Great Wall? --Only once. A.does; go B.did; go C. has; gone D.has; been b.(2014单选) Betty can play the piece of music very well because she many times. A.practiced B.will practice C.is practicing D. has practiced c.The girl can’t be Sarah. She has gone to the library. [have been to V.S. have gone to] ○3 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for ＋一段时间或“since＋过去的点时间或从句（从句用一般过去时）以及 so far（到目前为止） 等时间状语连用，对 for 和 since 引导的时间状语提问要用 How long e.g. 1. –How long has she been here? -- Shes been at this school since five years ago． 2. I havent seen him for three years ． 注意：①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续， 故不能与for 或 since 引出的时间状语连用。如连用，需把短暂性动词转换为延续性动词，或转化为be+形容词/副词/介词/名词等.(转换表见讲义末)。 【真题解析】 1.(2017填空)People in this city have planted lots of trees in the last few years. Shakes Peare for 400 years, but his works still have great influence today. A.died B. was dying C.has died D. has been