专四语法部分常考题型.pptxVIP

专四语法部分常考题型会计学语法常考题型之一：虚拟语气第1页/共87页四种语气 和时态，语态一样，语气（moods)也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话的目的和意图。英语中有四种语气，即： 1）陈述语气（the Indicative Mood, 或称the Declarative Mood） 2）疑问语气（the Interrogative Mood) 3）祈使语气（the Imperative Mood) 4）虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood)第2页/共87页虚拟语气二. 虚拟语气在不同句型当中的应用 在表示一种假想的情况或主观愿望时，动词有时需用特殊形式，成为虚拟语气。涉及的动词形式包括: 1.动词原形 2.情态动词 3.过去式及过去完成式第3页/共87页1.虚拟条件句1）if条件句中的虚拟语气在if非真实条件句中，主句和从句谓语动词有以下几种形式假设类型条件从句谓语动词形式主句谓语动词形式与现在事实相反动词过去式（be用were)Should/would/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词Should/would/could/might+ have +过去分词与将来事实相反动词过去式或（should)+动词原形，were to+动词原形Should/would/could/might+动词原形第4页/共87页(1). 对现在情况的假设 构成形式：if…were/did…, …would do… If she were here, she would speak on my behalf. What would you do if you were in her place?(2). 对将来情况的假设：if…should…, (would) do… if…were to…,(would) do… If the situation should get worse, we would have to turn to an expert. Should your computer have any problem during the first two years, bring it to our after-service department.(3) 对过去情况的假设构成形式：if…had done…, would have done If I had left sooner, I’d have been on time. If I had seen her, I would have told her.(4）混合式虚拟条件句混合式虚拟条件句的条件从句和主句所表达的时间概念不一款，即从句表达过去，主句表达现在，或反过来。 If he were leaving, you would have heard about it. (错综）从句是对现在的假设，主句是对过去的假设。第5页/共87页2）省略if的虚拟条件句的用法在虚拟条件句中，有时可将if省去，而把were, had, 或should 提到主语之前，引起倒装。如果句中没有were, had 或should等，则不能省略if, 也不能用倒装结构。Eg. ____for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.A. Had it not been B.Hadn’t it been C. Was it not D. Were it not3）错综时间的虚拟条件句有些时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生在不同的时间，比如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在发生的。这是动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。Eg.____if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?A.Would you be surprised B. were you surprisedC. Had you been surprised D. Would you have been surprised4）含蓄虚拟条件句条件句中的虚拟语气除了用连词if引导外，还可用but for, without, with, in the absence of, under, but, or, but that, otherwise, supposing, provided等形式引导。eg. With the basic data collected one month earlier, we should have more time to check them.第6页/共87页2. 虚拟语气