托福阅读TPO3(试题+答案+译文)第1篇-Arch托福阅读TPO3(试题+答案+译文)第1篇-Ar.docxVIP

第 第 PAGE 1 页 共 NUMPAGES 1 页 托福阅读TPO3(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Arch托福阅读TPO3(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Architecture 为了关心大家备考托福。提高阅读成果，打有预备的仗，下面我给大家带来托福阅读TPO3(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Architecture建筑，盼望大家喜爱。  托福阅读原文  Architecture is theart and science of designing structures that organize and enclose space forpractical and symbolic purposes. Because architecture grows out of human needsand aspirations, it clearly communicates cultural values. Of all the visualarts, architecture affects our lives most directly for it determines thecharacter of the human environment in major ways.  Architecture is athree-dimensional form. It utilizes space, mass, texture, line, light, andcolor. To be architecture, a building must achieve a working harmony with avariety of elements. Humans instinctively seek structures that will shelter and enhance their way of life. It is the work of architects to createbuildings that are not simply constructions but also offer inspiration anddelight. Buildings contribute to human life when they provide shelter, enrichspace, complement their site, suit the climate, and are economically feasible.The client who pays for the building and defines its function is an importantmember of the architectural team. The mediocre design of many contemporarybuildings can be traced to both clients and architects.  In order for thestructure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose,architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based onphysical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials havechanged dramatically.Theworld’s architecturalstructures have also beendevisedin relation to the objectivelimitations of materials. Structures can be analyzed in terms of how they dealwith downward forces created by gravity. They are designed to withstand theforces of compression (pushing together), tension (pulling apart), bending, ora combination of these in different parts of the structure.  Even developmen