细菌的耐药性.pptx

Dept of Microbiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Shandong University Yundong Sun;1. Overview;;The status of A. baumannii（鲍曼不动杆菌） resistant to amikacin;2007, Zhejiang, P. R. C;1.3 Antibiotic resistance of common pathogenic bacteria (percentage);Distribution of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the world;2. Commonly used antibiotics;;Semi-synthetic drugs?are isolated from natural sources, but then chemically modified in a laboratory to make the drugs?more effective,?longer lasting,?easier to administer,?and?less toxic?to the patient. For example,ampicillin?and?methicillin?are?semi-synthetic drugs?derived from penicillin.?Synthetic drugs?are compounds that are completely artificial and are synthesized in a laboratory. Synthetic drugs tend to have high toxicity to both the microbe and the human host. ;;;;2.2 The action mechanisms;;2.2.1 Interfere the systhesis of bacterial cell wall;2.2.2 Inhibit the synthesis of bacterial protein;;2.2.3.2 Inhibit the synthesis of bacterial RNA;2.2.4 Inhibit bacterial metabolism;;Some antimicrobial drugs bind to and disrupt the plasma membrane of the cell, causing the cell to undergo lysis.?Polymyxin B?is highly?effective against Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa)?due to its interaction with LPS on the surface of the Gram-negative cell. Due to its toxicity to the kidneys, polymyxin B is used only as a topical drug. Along with bacitracin and neomycin, polymyxin B is found in the triple antibiotic ointment, Neosporin.?Gramicidin and daptomycin?target the plasma membrane of Gram-positive bacteria. ;;; Intrinsic(also refered as Inherent or Natural) Resistance(固有耐药) Bacteria inherently resistant to an antibiotic. For example, an organism lacks a transport system for an antibiotic; or an organism lacks the target of the antibiotic molecule; or, as in the case of Gram-negative bacteria, the cell wall is covered with an outer membrane that establishes a permeability barrier against the antibiotic;Characters ※