风化作用及产物.pptxVIP

Weathering and the Production of Sediment;Types of Sedimentary Material;Types of Sedimentary Material;Types of Sedimentary Material;Types of Sedimentary Material;Types of Sedimentary Material;Production of TC sediment;Climate Belts;-dry -high relief areas;Physical Weathering ? Produces： ? mineralogically immature (chemically unstable, if available) particulate material ? frost wedging/insolation ? exfoliation ? mass wasting (gravity induced down slope movement);Weathering： Source of Sedimentary Raw Materials11 Physical Weathering ? Rate of production of sediment by physical weathering at the site of bedrock exposure is proportional to -Inverse the rate of chemical degradation (climate: temperature and precipitation controlled) -slope angle -Inverse of the degree of vegaination (climate influenced);Weathering： Source of Sedimentary Raw Materials11;Chemical Weathering Products;Chemical Weathering Products ■ o!dich Weathering Stability Series;Main Processes of Chemical Weathering ? Hydrolysis -hydrogen ion (H+) combines with silicate group Mg2SiO4 + 4H20 --- 2Mg++ + 40汁 + H4SiO4 (olivine, unstable protolith mineral) (hydroxyl) + (silicic acid) ? reaction raises pH, and ? releases silicic acid (a weak acid) -In the presence of disaddressd CO2 (increased cone, by lOx to lOOx) of biogenic origin ? production of carbonic acid (2H2CO3) drives reaction to the right;Main Processes of Chemical Weathering ? Oxidation -Loss of an electron with positive increase in valence (charge). - Due to the presence of an oxidant which is Reduced (gain of an electron) w计h negative increase of valence. ? Most metals immediately oxidize in the presence of Oxygen (the most prestigious surface oxidant) especially: -Fe++---Fe+++, Mn++--- Mn+气 5---5+9 (5O4).;Main Processes of Chemical Weathering ? Common sequential reactions in the surface weathering environment -Hydrolysis + Oxidation Hydrolysis、 liberates metal cations: Fe2SiO4 + 4H2CO3(aq)2Fe++ + 4HCO3-+H4SiO4 (olivine, fayalite)