《数量遗传分析》.ppt

第六章 数量性状遗传分析;质量性状彼此差异明显，呈现不连续变异;(2) 数量性状(quantitative trait): 所有能够度量的性状统称为数量性状;二、数量性状遗传的多基因假说;编辑ppt;编辑ppt;A complex inheritance pattern could be explained by the segregation and assortment of multiple genes ( published in 1909) .;编辑ppt;编辑ppt;小麦籽粒颜色3对重叠基因决定时的遗传动态;这一结果表现的特点：;(二)多基因假说的要点;多基因假说的要点：;玉米穗长;These children exhibit the range of skin, eye, and hair colors typical of poly-genic inheritance.;Trait Pattern of Inheritance ABO blood groups Multiple alleles with co-dominance Eye color Polygenic with incomplete dominance Fingerprints Polygenic, influenced by external factors Ear structure Many features polygenic, development related to gender;A bell-shaped curve typical of the continuously varying nature of a trait that is the result of poly-genic inheritance.;Comparison of Qualitative traits Quantitative traits;;编辑ppt;编辑ppt;它表示一组资料的集中性，是某一性状全部观察数(表型值)的平均，通常应用的平均数是算术平均数。可用公式表示：;二、方差和标准差;编辑ppt;Covariance, Correlation and Regression;编辑ppt;第三节 数量性状的遗传率;基因型;VG=VA+VD Sg2=Sa2+Sd2;例如：一对等位基因A、a，它们三个基因型的平均效应是：;F2平均值和遗传方差的计算;F2的遗传方差是：;玉米穗长的遗传;遗传率＝遗传方差/表型方差×100％;遗传方差;基因型的遗传方差可以分解为下列公式表示：;5. 广义遗传率和狭义遗传率;6. 狭义遗传率的估算方法;(2)利用aa亲本与F1个体Aa回交的子代群体B2，估算VB2遗传方差：;(3) 将VB1和VB2的遗传方差加在一起，可得:;因此，(1)式-(2)式：;例题，计算小麦抽穗期的遗传率;所以，小麦抽穗期的狭义遗传率为：;显性方差的求法;编辑ppt;Identical or monozygotic twins. Since monozygotic twins develop from a single zygote, they are genetically identical.Thus, all differences between them are effects of environmental differences.;Identical twins Jerry Levey and Jim Tedesco were separated as infants and long felt something was missing in their lives. Reunited in middle age, they discovered not only a close physical resemblance, but identical vocations(职业) --firefighting--and avocations(业余爱好)—flirting, telling jokes, and drinking beer.; The 39-year-old twins at their reunion in 1979.; Identical (MZ) Fraternal (DZ)