进程多线程管道进程间通信网络超详细.pptVIP

Designers were obliged to install a ventilation shaft and a cooling system in the room. Machine had 18,000 vacuum tubes. The slogan was: The ENIAC is able to calculate the trajectory of a large-caliber naval shell in less time than the shell takes to reach its target! To change a program, it was necessary to change the instructions, the connector panels, and the positions of the switches all at the same time. The inventors of ENIAC themselves admitted that, after taking into account human error, the machine only got the correct result 20 times out of 100! Von Neumann (1903-1957) was born in Budapest. Great quantities of work in set theory to quantum physics. Celebrated for his theory of games and its application to economics. Report was the formal specification of EDVAC. Before that the documentation on ENIAC or EDVAC was non-existent. Von Neumann devised a mathematical logical notation which expressed fundamental ideas of the fetch-execute-decode loop. Five major components: Arithmetic unit, control unit, the memory, input devices and output devices. * Compatibility Problem at IBM By early 60’s, IBM had 4 incompatible lines of computers! 701 ? 7094 650 ? 7074 702 ? 7080 1401 ? ? 7010 Each system had its own Instruction set I/O system and Secondary Storage: magnetic tapes, drums and disks assemblers, compilers, libraries,... market niche business, scientific, real time, ... ? IBM 360 * IBM 360 : Design Premises Amdahl, Blaauw and Brooks, 1964 The design must lend itself to growth and successor machines General method for connecting I/O devices Total performance - answers per month rather than bits per microsecond ? programming aids Machine must be capable of supervising itself without manual intervention Built-in hardware fault checking and locating aids to reduce down time Simple to assemble systems with redundant I/O devices, memories etc. for fault tolerance Some problems required floating-point larger than 36 bits * IBM 360: A General-Pur