工程管理专业英语第三章翻译.pdfVIP

 Chapter3 Labor, Material and Equipment Utilization 劳动力、材料和设备利用 3.1 Factors Affecting Job-Site Productivity  影响工地生产率的因素  Job—site productivity is influenced by many factors which can be characterized either as labor characteristics, project work conditions or as non—productive activities。  影响工地生产率的因素很多，大致分为劳动力特性、工程工作条件（环境)和非生产 性活动。  The labor characteristics include：  劳力特性包含：  Age, skill and experience of workforce  Leadership and motivation of workforce  员工的年龄、技能和工作经验  员工的领导力和动力  The project work conditions include among other factors：  工程施工环境因素包括：  Sob size and complexity 工作规模和复杂性  Job site accessibility 工作场地的易接近性  Labor availability 劳力的可用性  Equipment utilization 设备的使用  Contractual agreements 合同  Local climate 当地的气候  Local cultural characteristics， particularly in foreign operations当地的文化特征，特别 是海外工作的文化特征  The non—productive activities associated with(与…相关，与…联系) a project may or may not be paid by the owner， but they nevertheless take up potential labor resources （占 据可能的劳动力资源) which can otherwise be directed to the project.  与项目有关的非生产型工作业主可以支付,也可以不支付，但他们占据潜在的劳动力 资源，这些资源原本可以投入到项目中的。  The non-productive activities include among other factors：  非生产型活动包括:  Indirect labor required to maintain the progress of the project  维护工程进度的间接性劳力  Rework for correcting unsatisfactory （不合格的）work  不合格任务的返工  Temporary work stoppage （停工）due to inclement （严酷的）weather or material shortage 严酷的天气或者物料缺乏导致的临时停工  Time off for union activities 因工会活动而休假  Absentee(缺勤） time ， including late start and early quits 缺勤时间，包括迟到和早 退  Non—working holidays 节假日  Strikes 罢工  Each category of factors a ects the productive labor available to a project as well as the on-site labor e iciency.  每类因素都影响生产劳动力的可用性和现场劳动力效率.  Labor Characteristics劳动力特征  Performance analysis