[口腔 专业英语]专业英语 Unit 23.pdfVIP

Unit Twenty Three Viruses and Oncogenes Overview Five groups of double-stranded DNA viruses and diploid RNA viruses of the retroviral group are associated epidemiologically, experimentally, or both with animal and human neoplasia. DNA tumor viruses associated with cancer on epidemiological grounds include papilloma viruses and urogenital cancer, herpes viruses and Burkitt s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal-carcinoma, and hepatitis viruses and liver cancer. No biochemically defined oncogenes have yet been described for any of these viruses; however, preliminary evidence suggests the existence of transforming sequences in both papilloma and herpes viruses. Although studied in great molecular detail with elucidation of clearly defined oncogenes, polyoma viruses and adenoviruses have not been associated with naturally occurring tumors in vivo. Their oncogenes are structurally dissimilar to retroviral oncogenes, yet these two gene classes appear to subserve similar functions. The RNA tumor viruses were the first infectious agents unequivocally associated with neoplasia. A large number of such viruses have been isolated from chickens, rodents, cats, and monkeys. Many transduce one or two oncogene sequences necessary and sufficient for efficient cellular transformation. These oncogenes were derived originally from host sequences. Virally transduced oncogenes comprise some 20 independent species falling into a smaller number 1 读万卷书 行万里路 (some five to seven) of functional categories. The retro