化学反应工程课件-均相反应动力学.pptVIP

[例题2.2-1] 气相反应A?3P 为一级反应，速度常数k=0.5min-1，反应在恒容间歇式反应器中进行，求1min后体系的总压，进料状况如下： a) 纯A，0.1Mpa； b) 纯A，1Mpa； c) 10%的A和90%的I（惰性气体）混合物，1MPa 解： 对比（1）、（2），得 当t=0，?=?0 积分（3）， 得 2.3 可逆反应 Reversible Reaction 可逆反应是指正方向、逆方向同时以显著速度进行的反应，也叫对峙反应。 2.3.1 First-order Reversible reaction Let us consider the opposed unimolecular-typed reaction KC= K = k1/k2 equilibrium constant Starting with a concentration ratio M=CR0/CA0 the rate equation is Now at equilibrium dCA/dt =0. Hence from Eq. 2.3.1we find the equilibrium constant of A at equilibrium conditions to be Combining the above equations we obtain, in terms of the equilibrium conversion This may be looked on as pseudo first-order irreversible reaction which on integration gives A plot of –ln(1-xA/xAe) vs. t, as shown in the Fig., gives a straight line 2.3.2 二级可逆反应Second-order Reversible Reaction For the bimolecular-type second-order reaction With the restriction that CA0=CB0 and CR0=CS0, the integrated rate equation for A and B is as follows A plot can then be used to test the adequacy of this kinetics Table 2.3.1 on page 13 2．4 复合反应 Multiple Reaction Single reaction requires only one rate expression to describe its kinetics behavior whereas multiple reactions require more than one rate expression. Multiple reactions can be considered to be combinations of two primary types: parallel reactions and series reactions. 收率：Yield, fraction yield 得率：Operation yield 选择性：Selectivity 2.4.l 一级平行反应 First-order Parallel Reaction Consider the decomposition of A by either one of two paths: With corresponding rate equations Integrating the equation (1)at t=0,CA=CA0，CP=CP0，CS=CS0 Integrating the equation (2) Integrating the equation (3) 2.4.2 一级连串反应 Irreversible First-order Reaction in series We consider consecutive unimolecular-type first-order reaction such as Whose rate equations for the three components are Let us start with a concentration CA0 of A,no P and S present, and see how the concentrations of the components change w