现在完成时延续性与暂短性动词用法.docx

现在完成时（短暂性动词与延续性动词）的用法 基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) ①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） （1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) （2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be 动词表示）常与 for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与 for since 连用。要改变动词 come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be open die-be dead have 代替 buy My brother has had(不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow I have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be 替代 become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用 wear 代替 put on b)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词 1、be＋married 代 marry 2、be＋ill 代 fall (get) ill 3、be＋dead 代 die 4、be＋asleep 代 fall (get) asleep 5、be＋awake 代 wake/wake up 6、be＋gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave 7、be＋open 代 open 8、be closed 代 close/shut 9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代 lose c)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1“be＋on” 代 start,begin 2“be＋up”代 get up 3“be＋back(to)”代 return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代 come(arrive,reach,get) here 或 go (arrive,reach,get) there 等等 d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替 go to /come to 用 be in the army 代 替 join the army “be in/at +地点”代替 move to 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表： have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. →have been in sw./at…相应的介词 have come/gone back/returned → have been back have come/gone out →have been out have become → have been have closed / opened→ have been close/open have got up → have been up； have died → have been dead； have left sw. → have been away from sw. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep； have finished/ended/completed → have b