心脏基础解剖及血液循环课件.pptVIP

舒张期瓣膜 心脏瓣膜在心动周期中的作用 心脏传导系统 定义： 特殊心肌细胞 自律性、传导性 概述： 由特殊分化的心肌细胞构成， 产生和传导冲动， 节律性控制心脏活动。 心脏heart位于胸腔的纵隔内，膈肌中心腱的上方，夹在两侧胸膜囊之间。 The heart is suspended within the thorax by arteries and veins. Two thirds of the heart is located to the left of the mid-sternal line while one third lies to the right of the sternum. The base is located at the 2nd-3rd intercostal space while the apex is located at the 5th intercostal space. The base is tilted backwards (posterior), while the apex is tilted forward (anterior). Due to forward tilt - PMI (point of maximal impulse) is located at the apex. “Right and left” references the patient’s right or left side. RA receives unoxygenated blood from the body through superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC), and from the heart muscle through the coronary sinus (CS) LA receives oxygenated blood from the lungs though the pulmonary veins The triangle of Koch has become vitally important in performing transcatheter ablations. Koch’s triangle is defined posteriorly by the os of the coronary sinus. The apex of the triangle is defined anteriorly by the His bundle. The tendon of Todaro and the tricuspid valve annulus comprise the other two sides of the triangle. Fast pathway along Tendon of Todaro, Slow pathway along tricuspid valve annulus Papillary Muscle – Cone shaped muscular pillars, which prevent the valves from reopening into the atrial. The papillary muscles of the right ventricle comprise: Small, cone-shaped muscles projecting from the walls of the lower heart chambers (the ventricles) to which are attached fibrous cords (chordae tendineae) stretching up to the flaps of the valves between upper and lower chambers. When the ventricles fill with blood and contract, the papillary muscles also contract and tighten the cords, allowing the valves to be pressed shut, but preventing them from being pushed back and open into the upper chambers (the atria) by the surging blood. anterior papillary muscle: largest originates from