肿瘤免疫学七年制.pptxVIP

肿瘤免疫学七年制会计学Questions:第1页/共84页你所认识的人中没有没因为肿瘤离你而去的？你对肿瘤的态度是什么？恨or绝望无耐or无所谓……？你认为人类最终能战胜肿瘤吗？你猜测治疗肿瘤最有希望的方法将会是什么？第2页/共84页Hepatocellular carcinomaLung cancerCervical cancer第3页/共84页Pancreatic carcinomaLymphomaNasopharyngeal carcinoma第4页/共84页肿瘤就在我们身边！第5页/共84页Cancer is the second leading cause of death in USA第6页/共84页顶尖杀手引自：2008年中国卫生事业统计公报了解自身了解肿瘤①知可以战与不可以战者胜，②识众寡之用者胜，③上下同欲者胜，④以虞待不虞者胜，⑤将能而君不御者胜。此五者，知胜之道也。《孙子·谋攻》战胜肿瘤 第7页/共84页Tumor immunology第8页/共84页 肿瘤免疫学（tumor Immunology）:是研究肿瘤的抗原性、机体的免疫功能与肿瘤发生、发展的相互关系，机体对肿瘤的免疫应答及其抗肿瘤免疫的机制、肿瘤的免疫诊断和免疫防治的科学。第9页/共84页Evidence for Tumor ImmunityThe high frequency of cancers in immunosuppressed patientsExtremes of age Primary and secondary immunodeficiencyImmunosuppressive drugsTumors that are infiltrated by T cells have an improved prognosis Spontaneous regression occurs Melanoma, breast, lung cancersHallmarks第10页/共84页There may be tumor immunity, there was a high frequency of ‘aberrant germs’(tumor), which if not kept in check by the immune system, would overwhelm us. (1906)Paul Ehrlich免疫监视（Immunosurveillance）第11页/共84页Lewis Thomas1957年，Burnet和Thomas提出免疫监视学说,认为机体免疫系统通过细胞免疫机制能识别并特异地杀伤突变细胞，使突变细胞在未形成肿瘤之前即被清除，从而维持机体的稳态。Burnett FM第12页/共84页免疫编辑（Immunoediting） 人体的免疫系统具备一套精细的防止肿瘤抗原产生和肿瘤生长的机制，可分为三个阶段：1.清除 elimination2. 相持 equilibrium 3. 逃逸 escape第13页/共84页Phases of Immunoediting: three “E”s策略篇肿瘤免疫学中的“孙子兵法”第14页/共84页肿瘤发生免疫系统肿瘤抗原抗肿瘤机制肿瘤逃逸肿瘤的免疫学防治第15页/共84页一、知彼篇第16页/共84页1.What is Tumor?肿瘤: 是人体器官组织的细胞，在外来和内在有害因素的长期作用下所产生的一种以细胞过度增殖为主要特点的新生物 (neoplasm)。Concepts 第17页/共84页Tumor means a swelling or mass. A tumor can be benign (良性的) or malignant (恶性的).Cancer (癌) refers to any malignant tumor. Benign refers to a tumor which does not have the potential to spread beyond the organ it arises.Malignant refers to a tumor which has the ability to spread or metastasize (转移) beyond the organ it arises. 第18页/共84页Features of cancer cellsEscape normal intercellular communicationAllow for rapid growthIncreased mobility of cellsInvade tissuesMetastasisEvade the immune system2.Etiolog