L 36 Waves 2分析和总结分析和总结.docxVIP

Waves 2 Standing or Stationary Waves As an example of the superposition of waves consider the case of two waves that are identical except that they are travelling in opposite directions. t = 0resultant t = 0 t = T t = T 8 t = T t = T 4 t = 3T8 t = 3T 8 t = T t = T 2 t = 5T8t = t = 5T 8 t = 3T 4 7T8t = t = T 7T 8 A wave-like vibration in the medium results. This is known as a stationary or standing wave. This vibration does not travel or transfer energy through the medium so many would argue that it is not a wave at all. However it is convenient to regard it as a kind of wave and relate its properties to those of its component travelling waves. Created by GeorgeR C:\iknow\docshare\data\cur_work\267351173.doc PAGE PAGE 2 The component waves cannot be seen separately – only the standing wave that has resulted from their interference is visible. The appearance of a one - dimensional medium that is supporting a harmonic standing wave is shown at successive intervals of T 8 in the diagram. A is the amplitude of the component travelling waves. t t = 0, T, 2T, ? T , 9T , 17T ? 8 8 8 ? and t ? 7T , 15T ,? 8 8 2A ?2A t = 0 -?2A - 2A AN N AN N AN N AN N AN Properties of Standing Waves The wavelength, period and frequency of the standing wave are the same as those of the travelling components. The amplitude is double that of the components. (Assuming there are only two.) The product f? for a standing wave thus equals the speed of the travelling component waves. At points marked N the displacement is always zero. These points, which are separated by ? , are called nodes. 2 Only points marked AN (which are called antinodes) can have a displacement equal in magnitude to the amplitude of the standing wave. Full amplitude displacement occurs only at certain instants half a period apart. Consecutive antinodes are also ? apart. ? is sometimes called the loop length. 2 2 Between successive nodes all particles vibrate in phase. The vibrations of particles separated by one no