英语科技论文写作-吴江梅-Unit 5 Materials and Methods.pptVIP

3) In the first year, the plants produce a leaf rosette and a large fleshy root system. These tap roots serve as a storage organ. (produce; serve) When introducing or explaining an object or a method, use Simple Past. 4) The DOH, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources and the state Department of Environmental Protection have been investigating the cause of the outbreak and testing the entire infrastructure at Cowans Gap, including the sewage system and widespread testing of the lake. (have been investigating; testing) We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. 5) Among the five reproductive traits, ISM and TSN are directly correlated with SM (i.e. SM = ISM ￥ TSN); TfN, FfR and SNfr are directly correlated with TSN (i.e. TSN = TfN ￥ FfR ￥ SNfr). (are; are) When referring to figures or tables, use Simple Present Tense. 5. Answer the questions based on Exercise 4. ? 1) In the passage, what voices are used in the sentences? Both passive and active voice. 2) Passive voice is often preferred in lab reports and scientific research papers, most notably in the Materials and Methods section. Do you know why? Reasons: ① This section generally focuses on experimental procedure and materials used rather than the doer. ② The actors (the researchers) are known and do not require or deserve highlighting when the paper describes what was routinely done. ? ③ Methods often describe a sequence or list of actions. If each item in the list starts with we or I, the repetition is annoying and ineffectively emphasizes the actor. ④ Methods sections usually use passive voice by convention. 6. Over the past several years, there has been a movement within many science disciplines away from passive voice. Scientists often now prefer active voice in most parts of their published reports, even occasionally using the subject “we” in the Materials and Methods section. What are the advantages of using active voice?