国际私法课件-国际私法的历史.pptxVIP

第二编 国际私法的历史沿革(history，p29)此编分为四章，分别介绍国际私法的历史阶段、适用外国法的理由、国际立法史及中国国际私法史。国际私法是从学说法逐渐发展成为制定法的。 在18世纪上半叶以前，只表现为各种学说或学理的形态。 18世纪下半叶以后，才开始进入“立法的国际私法”阶段。在七百多年的漫长历史时期中，国际私法的理论学说与法律制度相互渗透、相互促进、相互转化。 把握两点：1、国际私法历史阶段划分的历史背景及其主要特点；2、适用外国法的不同理由，它们是国际私法理论的核心内容。第六章 国际私法的历史阶段(historical phase)国际私法的历史分为四个阶段：1、国际私法的萌芽(Embryo)阶段、2、早期的(Early)国际私法、3、近代(Modern)国际私法、4、当代?(Contemporary)国际私法。 第一节 国际私法的萌芽阶段(Embryo) （ 13世纪以前）一、概述：萌芽(embryo)1、欧洲大陆相继出现了在形式上与属人法或属地法冲突规则类似的规则。2、与此相联系的冲突法学说也还没有自觉的、较明确的冲突法理论。3、国际私法学者又将这个阶段划分为几个时代：（1）罗马法时代(?Roman Law age)、（2）种族法时代(personal law age )（3）属地法时代?(territorial law age)。During the golden age of Roman Empire，the Mediterranean became a“Roman Lake”，and Rome was the political and commercial center of the west hemisphere．For centuries，Roman merchants travelled abroad and a large number of foreigners did business in Rome．Roman civil law(jus civile)，however，was inapplicable to non-citizens，and it was far too unsophisticated and rigid to accommodate the exigencies of multistate commerce．二、罗马法时代(?Roman Law age)关键词(keyword) ：“万民法”古罗马征服了大片领土后，开始用“万民法”（jus gentium）来调整罗马市民与非罗马市民间、以及非罗马市民之间的民事关系。不过，万民法属于罗马内国法，而不是法律的适用法则，所以当时仍不适用外国法。Jus gentium means law of nations. In legal theory,that law which natural reason establishes for all men,as distinguished from jus civile,or the civil law peculiar to one state or people. Rome lawyers and magistrates originally devised jus gentium as a system of equity applying to cases between foreigners and Rome citizens. Jus gentium was the part of Roman law that the Roman Empire applied to its dealings with foreigners, especially provincial subjets. Today the Latin term applies the body of laws that makes up international law.三、种族法时代 (personal law age ,公元6-10世纪)关键词(keyword)：“属人法”(personal law)Early Romans developed the idea of “personal law”,or the idea that “questions concerning an individual’s personal status,such as family relationships, were governed by the law of the person’ place of residence or citizenship.It is generally accepted tha