分布式系统课件：Chapter 1 Introduction.pptVIP

* 1.6 Different basic organizations and memories in distributed computer systems Multiprocessors (1) A bus-based multiprocessor. 1.7 存储器相关(Coherent) Multiprocessors (2) 1.8 交叉开关 交换网络 Homogeneous Multicomputer Systems 1-9 Grid Hypercube Heterogeneous Multicomputer Systems a.基于总线 b.基于交换 并行及分布式计算机系统分类： sequent 超级计算机 LAN工作站 超立方体 Encor RP3 Transputer 交换 交换 基于总线: 广播方式; 基于交换: 路由方式 1.4 Software Concepts 软件系统： 紧耦合型(tightly coupled)系统——单系统映象（single-system image）。往往称为分布式操作系统. 松耦合型(loosely coupled) 系统——松耦合的软件允许分布式系统的机器和用户基本上各自独立，但是也在必要的情况下进行一定程度的相互作用。往往称为网络操作系统. An overview between DOS (Distributed Operating Systems) NOS (Network Operating Systems) Middleware System Description Main Goal DOS Tightly-coupled operating system for multi-processors and homogeneous multicomputers Hide and manage hardware resources NOS Loosely-coupled operating system for heterogeneous multicomputers (LAN and WAN) Offer local services to remote clients Middleware Additional layer atop of NOS implementing general-purpose services Provide distribution transparency Distributed Operating Systems (1. Uniprocessor Operating Systems) DOS在功能上同UOS 2. Multiprocessor Operating Systems ? 3. Multicomputer Operating Systems Uniprocessor Operating Systems 单机操作系统可以有多种结构实现，目的是管理整个计算机系统的资源，并为用户提供使用上的方便。 操作系统的结构： 模块结构； 层次结构； 微内核结构； 面向对象等。 Uniprocessor Operating Systems Separating applications from operating system code through a microkernel. 1.11 Multiprocessor Operating Systems (1) Multiprocessor Operating Systems aim to support high performance through multiple CPUs. An important goal is to make the number of CPUs transparent to the application. Achieving such transparency is relatively easy because the communication between different parts of application uses the same primitives as those in multitasking uniprocessor operating systems. Two important primi