英语修辞轭式搭配的用法.pptxVIP

会计学第1页/共24页 A figure of speech in which a single word, usually a verb or adjective, is syntactically related to two or more words, with only one of which it seems logically connected. (Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language)A word is used to modify or govern two or more words although its use is grammatically or logically correct with only one. (The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language)第2页/共24页 Zeugma makes one word refer to two items when it properly refers to only one of items. (Britannica Book of English Usage)Zeugma在陆谷孙等编著的《新英汉词典》(增补本)(1985.2)第1645页中译为“轭式搭配法”,是“用一个形容词或动词勉强修饰或支配两个名词的方法”。第3页/共24页冯翠华在其著作《英语修辞大全》(1995.12)第191页定义为“a figure of speech by which a single word is made to modify or to govern two or more words in the same sentence , either properly applying in sense to only one of them , or applying to them in different senses.”在王同亿主持编译的《英汉词海(下)》第6126页,Zeugma被解释为:“用一个词(如形容词或动词)修饰或控制两个或两个以上的词,通常是用在各个词上含义不同,或其中只有一个是含义清楚的。”第4页/共24页Zeugma特征从以上注释可得出Zeugma的两点特征:其一是“共轭性”,即通常用一个形容词或动词(有时是介词)修饰或支配两个或两个以上的名词;其二是“两种(或两种以上)搭配意义表面上的”不协调性”,即一种常见搭配和一种非常搭配的结合,给读者的第一印象造成不协调的感受,这种不协调感受在读者回神时瞬间即逝,进而因强烈地感受到话语者的深刻用意而释然,正是这种“不协调性”,Zeugma的应用方能在交际目的中发人深省,有很强的表现张力和艺术感染力。第5页/共24页一笔双叙和轭式搭配的区别在用一个词（如动词、介词、形容词）去修饰支配另外两个或多个临近词时的情况下：syllepsis：该词（v.prep.adj.）与邻近词能够成正常的搭配关系。如：He lost his hat and his temper. zeugma：该词只与其中一个邻近词是正常的搭配关系。 如： The bandit killed the man and the luggage!那土匪干掉那个人和毁坏他的行李。 英语Zeugma的结构第6页/共24页一个动词同时支配两个或两个以上的名词。这是Zeugma最常见的一种形式,如:They can wage war and peace.他们能发动战争,也能谋求和平。第7页/共24页一个介词支配两个或更多的介词宾语She was dressed in a maid s cap, pinafore and a bright smile.(她戴一顶少女的帽子,系一条围裙,带着灿烂和微笑).句中词组be dressed in同cap与pinafore的搭配都属逻辑搭配,而与smile的搭配则属于牵强搭配,这也是一较为典型的轭式搭配。第8页/共24页同一形容词单位与两个或多个对象搭配例4.It is much better to have a patched jacket than to have a (patched) character.(穿打补丁的衣服总比有打补丁的品质要好。)patched作为形容词修饰jacket是规范搭配,而修饰character则属不规范搭配,但却含义深刻,富有哲理,品质有缺陷不就是“patched(有补丁)”吗?第9页/共24页Gone are the women with weeping eyes and hearts.不用“grieving(悲伤的)”等形容词而直接