自考国际商务英语lesson5.pptxVIP

会计学1 Business KnowledgeThe definition of international trade(2) Two reasons for international trade A. The uneven distribution of natural resources among countries B. International specialization第1页/共11页 (3) Two theories for international specialization A. The theory of absolute advantage B. The theory of comparative advantage a. Contents of the theory b. Not a static concept c. The cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade d. David Ricardo, the economist who introduced the theory第2页/共11页 Trade Terms 1. Services 服务2. Primary commodities 初级产品3. Specialization 专业化: To restrict one’s economic activities to certain particular fields.4. Absolute advantage 绝对利益: It holds that a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land and labor)第3页/共11页 5. Comparative advantage 比较利益: It holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, i.e. it has absolute disadvantage in production both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.第4页/共11页 6. Capital 资本7. Land and labor 土地和劳动力8. International trade 国际贸易: The exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another sufficient.9. Farm produce 农产品10. Scarce resources 稀缺资源第5页/共11页 In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient.第6页/共11页 With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, i.e. international specialization.第7页/共11页 According to the theory of Comparative advantage, both trade partners can benefit from trade.第8页/共11页 Comparative advantage is not a static concept. A country may develop a particular comparative advantage purely through its own actions第9页/共11页 The idea of comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade.第10页/共11页