巴德 宏观经济学原理（英文版·第8版）Chapter 9 PowerPoint.pptxVIP

Why are some nations rich and others poor? 9When you have completed your study of this chapter, you will be able to1 Define and calculate the economic growth rate, and explain the implications of sustained growth.2 Explain the sources of labor productivity growth.3 Review the theories of economic growth.4 Describe policies that speed economic growth.CHAPTER CHECKLISTEconomic Growth 9.1 THE BASICS OF ECONOMIC GROWTHEconomic growth is a sustained expansion of production possibilities measured as the increase in real GDP over a given period.Calculating Growth RatesEconomic growth rate is the annual percentage change of real GDP. 9.1 THE BASICS OF ECONOMIC GROWTHTo calculate this growth rate, we use the formula:Growth of real GDP =Real GDP in current yearReal GDP in previous yearx 100Real GDP in previous year–For example, if real GDP in the current year is $8.4 trillion and if real GDP in the previous year was $8.0 trillion, then the growth rate of real GDP isGrowth of real GDP =$8.4 trillion – $8.0 trillion$8.0 trillionx 100= 5 percent. 9.1 THE BASICS OF ECONOMIC GROWTHThe standard of living depends on real GDP per person.Real GDP per person is real GDP divided by the population.The contribution of real GDP growth to the change in the standard of living depends on the growth rate of real GDP per person. 9.1 THE BASICS OF ECONOMIC GROWTHWe use the above formula to calculate this growth rate, replacing real GDP with real GDP per person.Suppose, for example, that in the current year, when real GDP is $8.4 trillion, the population is 202 million.Then real GDP per person is $8.4 trillion divided by 202 million, which equals $41,584. And suppose that in the previous year, when real GDP was $8.0 trillion, the population was 200 million. Then real GDP per person in that year was $8.0 trillion divided by 200 million, which equals $40,000. 9.1 THE BASICS OF ECONOMIC GROWTHUse these two values of real GDP per person in the growth formula to calculate the growth rate of