考研英语语法之非谓语动词.docxVIP

1 11 非谓语动词 非谓语动词是指那些在剧中不能单独充当句子位于成分的动词形式。基本形式有四种： 不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）、分词（participle）、和独立主格结构（absolute structure）。 一、不定式 一般式进行式完成式语态（尚未发生）（正在发生）（先于谓语动词发生）主动to do 一般式 进行式 完成式 语态 （尚未发生） （正在发生） （先于谓语动词发生） 主动 to do to be doing to have done 被动 to be done to be being done to have been done 举例： It isn’t cold enough for there to be a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely. He seems to be eating something. According to your market report, demand seems to be returning. The local health organization is reported to have been set up twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audio became its first president. 不定式的语法功能： 作主语 The traditional rule was that it’s safer(to stay where youare), but that’s been fundamentally inverted. The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long. 2 22 作宾语 Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. He feels it his duty to help others. 作表语 But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need. 作定语 Tom made the decision to go around the world in three years all alone. She has the ambition to learn other languages. The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain. 作状语 A sad thing about life is when you meet someone and fall in love, only to find out in the end that you have wasted years on someone who wasn’t worth it. 作补语 The man was seen to fall heavily to the ground and never get up again. 注：使役动词如make、let、have 等以及感官动词hear、see、feel、watch、notice 等之后所加的不定式要省略to，但是在被动语态中不可省略。例如我们说see sb play on the ground，但被动态中我们说sb is seen to play on the ground。 3 33 不带 to 的动词不定式 在do…but/except 结构中，当 but 或 except 前有实义动词do 的某种形式时，后接不带to 的动词不定式。 The train is late, and I can do nothing but wait. 比较：There was so serious a matter that I had no choice but to call in the police