English for specific purposes分析和总结最新分析和总结.docxVIP

English for specific purposes From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from English for Specific Purposes) Jump to: navigation, search English for specific purposes (ESP), not to be confused with specialized English, is a sphere of teaching English language including Business English, Technical English, Scientific English, English for medical professionals, English for waiters, English for tourism, English for Art Purposes, etc.[1] Aviation English as ESP is taught to pilots, air traffic controllers and civil aviation cadets who are going to use it in radio communications.[2] ESP can be also considered as an avatar of language for specific purposes.[3] Contents [hide] 1 Definition of ESP 1.1 Absolute characteristics 1.2 Variable characteristics 2 Teaching 3 See also 4 References 5 Notes 6 External links 6.1 Organizations 6.2 Articles 6.3 Journals Definition of ESP[edit] Absolute characteristics[edit] ESP is defined to meet specific needs of the learners (Maslows hierarchy of needs). ESP makes use of underlying methodology and activities of the discipline it serves. ESP is centered on the language appropriate to these activities in terms of grammar, lexis, register, study skills, discourse and genre. Variable characteristics[edit] Strevens (1988) ESP may be, but is not necessarily: restricted as to the language skills to be learned (e.g. reading only); not taught according to any pre-ordained methodology (pp.1-2) Anthony (1997) ESP may be related to or designed for specific disciplines; ESP may use, in specific teaching situations, a different methodology from that of general English; ESP is likely to be designed for adult learners, either at a tertiary level institution or in a professional work situation. It could, however, be for learners at secondary school level; ESP is generally designed for intermediate or advanced students; Most ESP courses assume some basic knowledge of the language system, but it can be used with beginners (1998, pp. 4-5) Teaching[