英语词汇学chapter9主要英语国家词汇特征.pptxVIP

Chapter 12英语词汇的国别特征第一页，共四十六页。 Teaching focus:1. American English and British English2. Canadian 3. Australian4. Neuzeland 第二页，共四十六页。 1. American English words1.1 History of American English1607 Jamestown: permanent colony1773-1783 War of Independence英国政府于1773年颁布《茶税法》企图垄断北美的茶叶生意，他们给予东印度公司在北美倾销茶叶的专卖权。此举激起了殖民地人民的强烈反对。12月16日夜晚，“自由之子社”的部分成员登上三艘停泊在港口的英国运茶船，将船上343箱茶叶统统倒入大海。这就是有名的波士顿倾茶事件。 １７７６年７月４日，大陆会议通过《独立宣言》，宣告美利坚合众国诞生。 1783年9月3日，英国正式承认美国独立。 第三页，共四十六页。 1882 Noah Webster American English Dictionary: American languageTwo wars of the world led to the changes of political status of Britain and America:The degradation of BritonThe hegemony of America 霸主 Sir Earnest Gowers: symptoms of surrender by the older competitor to the younger and more vigorous第四页，共四十六页。 1.2 Causes leading to the differences between British and American English1.2.1 The development of EnglishAmerican colony: the 17th century EnglishBritain has developed.17th English/American now in EnglishGotten gotMad生气的 疯狂的rare未煮熟的 罕见的，稀罕的fall,意为“秋天”, 来源于the fall of leaves(落叶时节),而标准英语从乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer,约1346~1400年)就开始用“autumn”一词(来自法语)表示“秋天”bug一词在美国英语中泛指“虫子”,而现在在英国英语中却专指“臭虫”第五页，共四十六页。 1.2.2 The independent development of American EnglishAssemblyPresidentSenateCongressHarmonicaTar and featherTelephoneTo advocate …第六页，共四十六页。 1.2.3 American English words borrowed words from other cultures:Indian language: chinquapin美国栗树, chipmunk金花鼠, hickory山核桃, hominy玉米粥, igloo园丁茅屋…French: bureau局, cache地窖, prairie, pumpkin…Spanish: abode住处, lasso套索, ranch庄园, corral畜栏, cockroach …Dutch: boss, scow敞舱驳船German: noodle, poker拨火棍, seminar, semester, hamburger, frankfurter牛肉香肠第七页，共四十六页。 1.2.4 Mutual influence of British and American English:1775-1783: the predominance of British English over American English1861-1865: the gradual independence of American EnglishAfter the Civil War – to date: the predominance of American English over British English第八页，共四十六页。 1.3 Differences between British English and American English1.3.