胺重氮和偶氮化合物.pptxVIP

胺重氮和偶氮化合物10、1 Nomenclature and Structure of Amines mon Names:乙胺 二乙胺 苯胺 甲(基)乙(基)丙胺ethanamine diethylamine anilineNethylmethylpropanamine系统命名法:选择含氮的最长碳链为母体,称为“某胺”,氮上的其它烃基则作为取代基,在其前面加上N-,以明确取代基的位置。 N, N-二甲基-4-甲氧基苯胺3-甲基-N-乙基戊胺结构比较复杂的胺和含有多官能团的化合物,也能够把烃或其它官能团作为母体,氨基作为取代基来命名。 4-(N, N-二甲氨基)苯甲酸3-甲基-5-氨基-1-戊醇 胺类化合物形成铵盐或季铵盐后,命名如下例:甲胺盐酸盐 苯胺硫酸盐 溴化四乙铵Methylammonium Aniline sulfate Tetraethylammoniumchloride bromideN-甲基-N-乙基环戊烷基铵盐酸盐 溴化三乙基苄基铵N-Ethyl-N-methylcyclopentylammonium Benzyltriethylammonium chloride bromide (+)-Tr?ger base (-)-Tr?ger base 特勒格尔 (S) (R)10、2 Boiling Point and Water Solubility poundCH3CH3CH3OHCH3NH2CH3CH2CH3CH3CH2OHCH3CH2NH2Mol、Wt、303231444645BoilingPoint oC-88、6o65o-6、0o-42o78、5o16、6oCCH3(CH2)2CH3CH3(CH2)2OHCH3(CH2)2NH2CH3CH2NHCH3(CH3)3CH(CH3)2CHOH(CH3)2CHNH2(CH3)3NMw、5860595958605959Bp-0、5o97o48o37o-12o82o34o3o11、3 Basicity of Amines : 气相中测定的碱性强弱次序为: (C2H5)3N ? (C2H5)2NH ? C2H5NH2 ? NH3, 水溶液中测定的碱性强弱次序为: (C2H5)2NH ? (C2H5)3N ? C2H5NH2 ? NH3, 烷基给电子和氢键的共同作用结果烷基的给电子作用氢键的作用 氢键的生成使铵离子更加稳定,从而使碱性增强。 胺pKa（25oC, H2O）胺pKa（25oC, H2O）NH3CH3NH2(CH3)2NH(CH3)3NCH3CH2NH2(CH3CH2)2NH(CH3CH2)3N 9.24 10.62 10.73 9.79 10.64 10.94 10.75C6H5CH2NH2C6H5NH2(C6H5)2NHC6H5NHCH3o-NO2-C6H4NH2m-NO2-C6H4NH2p-NO2-C6H4NH2 9.34 4.60 1.20 4.40 -0.26 2.47 1.00Strong bases have weak conjugate acids, and weak bases have strong conjugate acids、 4、58 2、47 1、00pKa = 13、6 Here, resonance stabilization of the base is small, due to charge separation, while the conjugate acid is stabilized strongly by charge delocalization、 Consequently, aqueous solutions of guanidine are nearly as basic as are s