化工分离过程42_3-3-2共沸精馏-2.pptVIP

* Example：ethanol-water separation Azeotropic Distillation By forming a ternary heterogeneous azeotrope lower than any other binary azeotropic temperatures, nearly pure ethanol can be obtained as a bottom product in an azeotropic distillation column. Ethanol is obtained as a bottom product from an azeotropic distillation column using an entrainer such as benzene or normal pentane. Extractive Distillation By adding a solvent which is exclusively familiar with a wanted component in a feed mixture, a desired component can be obtained in an extractive distillation column overhead. Ethanol is obtained as a top product from an extractive distillation with ethylene glycol solven. Summary of Enhanced Distillation Summary of enhanced distillation When two or more components differ in boiling point by less than approximately 50oC and form a nonideal liquid solution, the relative volatility may be below 1.10. Then, ordinary distillation may be uneconomic, and if an azeotrope forms even impossible. In that event, enhanced distillation may be explored. Summary of enhanced distillation Extractive distillation: A method that uses a large amount of a relatively high-boiling solvent to alter the liquid-phase activity coefficients of the mixture, so that the relative volatility of the key components becomes more favorable. The solvent enters the column above the feed entry and a few trays below the top, and exits from the bottom of the column without causing an azeotrope to be formed. If the feed to the column is as azeotrope, the solvent breaks it. Also, the solvent may reverse volatilities. Some industrial applications of extractive distillation Key components in feed mixture solvent Acetone-methanol （丙酮-甲醇） Aniline, ethylene glycol, water（苯胺，乙二醇，水） Benzene-cyclohexane（苯-环己烷） Aniline（苯胺） Butadiene-butanes（丁二烯-丁烷） Acetone（丙酮） Butadiene-butene-1（丁二烯-1-丁烯） Furfural（糠醛） Butanes-butenes（丁烷-丁烯） Acetone（丙酮） Butenes-isoprene（丁烯-异戊二烯） Dimethylformamide (DMF，二甲基甲酰胺) Cum