第1章计算机学科基础.ppt

第1章计算机学科基础 本课程的目的掌握计算机基础知识，掌握计算机硬件、软件和网络基础知识。使计算机专业的学生一进入大学就能够对自己今后学习的主要知识、专业方向有一个基本了解，为后续课程构建一个基本知识框架，为以后学习和掌握专业知识提供必要的专业指导。采用原版教材，培养英文阅读能力，提高专业外语水平，为后续的双语课程打好基础。2 3 Chapter 1第一章 25Chapter Goals 本章目标Describe the layers of a computer system 描述计算机系统的分层Describe the concept of abstraction and its relationship to computing 描述抽象的概念以及它与计算的关系Describe the history of computer hardware and software 描述计算机硬件和软件的历史Describe the changing role of the computer user 描述计算机用户转换的角色Distinguish between systems programmers and applications programmers 区分系统程序员和应用程序员Distinguish between computing as a tool and computing as a discipline 区分计算工具和计算学科5 2Computing systems are dynamic! Hardware, Software and Data硬件、软件和数据What is the difference between hardware and software?Computing Systems计算系统6 3Hardware The physical elements of a computing system (printer, circuit boards, wires, keyboard…)打印机、电路板、电线、键盘Software The programs that provide the instructions for a computer to execute提供计算机执行的指令的程序集合。Computing Systems计算系统7 4Communication 通信Application 应用Operating System 操作系统Programming 程序设计Hardware 硬件Information 信息Layers of a Computing System计算系统的分层8 5Abstraction A mental model that removes complex detailsThis is a key concept. Abstraction will reappear throughout the text – be sure to understand it! Abstraction 抽象9 6Abacus 算盘An early device to record numeric valuesBlaise Pascal 机械计算器Mechanical device to add, subtract, divide multiplyJoseph Jacquard 穿孔卡织布机Jacquard’s Loom, the punched cardCharles Babbage 分析机Analytical EngineEarly History of Computing计算的历史10 7Ada Lovelace 第一位程序员First Programmer, the loopAlan Turing 图灵机Turing Machine, Artificial Intelligence TestingHarvard Mark I, ENIAC, UNIVAC IEarly computers launch new era in mathematics, physics, engineering and economics Early History of Computing计算的历史11 UNIVAC12 8Vacuum Tubes 真空管Large, not very reliable, generated a lot of heatMagnetic Drum 磁鼓Memory device that rotated under a read/write headCard Readers ? Magnetic Tape Drivers