12_语法_第十二节_定语从句.pdfVIP

语法结构 - 讲义 学士学位英语考试复习资料 第十二节 定语从句 【考试重点】 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 2. 关系副词引导的定语从句 3. 非限制性定语从句 一、定语从句 在复合句中作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。引导定语从句的关系代词和关系 副词均具有下列三重语法功能： 1. 引导作用：引出定语从句，连接先行词（被定语从句修饰的名词或代词）的作用。 2. 替代作用：在定语从句中，指代从句所修饰的先行词。 3. 在定语从句中充当某个成分的作用：关系代词在从句中可担任主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分；关系副词在从 句中充当状语。 二、关系代词 引导定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 。它们一方面代替定语从句修饰的名词或代词，即先 行词，另一方面又在从句中担任主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分。 1.关系代词的基本用法 1）that 和which 的用法 In real world we can learn a lot which cannot be which 主语 物 learned from books. which （可省略）宾语 Its the kind of story （which ） we think of as myth. that 主语 He is a man that means what he says. 人或物 that （可省略） 宾语 The letter （that ） I received yesterday is from my aunt. that 表语 He is not the man （that ） he used to be. 【例1】I will never forget the ten years _____ we both spent in the little village. A. when B. during which C. which D. in which [答疑编号506386021801] 【答案】C 【解析】从句中的spend 没有宾语，所以要选关系代词which 引导从句。 【例2 】He will never forget the days _____ he spent in Japan. A. when B. after C. that D. how [答疑编号506386021802] 【答案】C 【解析】本句中的定语从句缺少宾语，spend 是及物动词，需要有宾语，所以用关系代词that 。 2 ）who 、whom 和whose 的用法 人 who 主语 He is the man who spoke at the meeting yesterday. 人 whom （可省略） 宾语 The doctor （whom ） I consulted gave me some useful advice. 人或物 whose= （of whom ） 定语 This is the girl whose father （the father of whom ） is a famous 第1 页 Cumax@Sina.COM 语法结构 - 讲义