英语教学论课件.pptxVIP

Unit 1 Language language learning;I. The Nature of Language (Textbook P307 Appendix);II. Views on language;The structural view;The structural view ;The functional view (The communicative or notional-functional view);Functions of language;Notions;The interactional view;Two things are needed for communication:;Discussion: Influence of views of language on language teaching and learning;III. Views on Language Learning;1. Behaviorist theory (P5);2. Cognitive theory (P5);3. Constructivist theory;4. Socio-constructivist theory; 所谓「鹰架」(Scaffolding)是指「提供符合学习者认知层次的支持、导引和协助，以帮助学习者由需要协助而逐渐能够独立完成某一任务，进而使其由低阶的能力水准发展到高阶的能力水准。」鹰架观念源自于维果茨基 (Vygotsky)的潜在发展区域 (the Zone of Proximal Development, 或ZPD) 概念，他认为孩童的能力有实际能力和潜在能力两种。「实际能力」是指孩童能够独力解决问题的能力水准；「潜在能力」是指孩童在成人的指导协助，或在与能力较佳的同侪合作下，得以解决问题之可能到达的能力水准。每一个孩子在实际能力和潜在能力之间存在有一段待发展的距离，即「潜在发展区域」。如果教学能够接近孩童的潜在发展区域，则能有效的帮助孩童从原有的发展水平提升到更高的发展水平。后来学者 (Wood, Bruner, Ross, 1976)就以「鹰架」作为譬喻，说明引导学习者认知学习之适当技术。;参考资料:;IV. What makes a good language teacher? ;V. How can one become a good language teacher? ;A Reflective model A compromise between the two views by Wallace (1991);,;Summary of Unit 1;二语和外语 著名语言学家Stern在1993年出版的Issues and Options in Language Teaching一书中是这样说的：Second language refers to “a non-native language learnt and used within one country”, such as English learnt and used in British colonies; whereas foreign language is a “non-native language learnt and used with reference to a speech community outside national and territorial boundaries” like English learnt and used in China.（二语是指这样一种语言——在使用该语言的国家里，作为非母语学习和使用这种语言，如:在英国前殖民地学习和使用的英语；而外语是指这样一种语言——在使用该语言的国家及其属地的领域之外，作为非母语学习和使用的一种语言，如:在中国学习和使用的英语。）;Question:;In real life: The traditional FLT: The consequence: ;In terms of functions and forms;In terms of language skills ;The students are puzzled about how to use the language in a particular context. ; The final goal of FLT : to enable the learners to use the foreign language in work or life.