《细胞生物学》教学课件 第2章 细胞的统一与多样性 (2).pptVIP

* * * * How We kown:Life’s Common Mechanism * * * * * * 人类天花病毒 骨髓灰质炎病毒 * 病毒衣壳的排列 * The Procaryotic Cell Procaryotes Are the Most Diverse of Cells The World of Procaryotes is Divided into Two Domains: Eubacteria and Archaea * * * * * The Eucaryotic Cell The Nucleus Is the Information Store of the Cell Mitochondria Generate Energy from Food to Power the Cell Chloroplasts Capture Energy from Sunlight Internal Membranes Create Intracellular Compartments with Different Functions The Cytosol Is a Concentrated Aqueous Gel of large and Small Molecules The Cytoskeleton Is Responsible for Directed Cell Movements The Cytoplasm Is Far from Static Eucaryotic Cells May Have Originated as Predators * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Model Organisms Molecular Biologists Have Focused on E.coli Brewer’s Yeast Is a Simple Eucaryotic Cell Arabidopsis Has Been Chosen Out of 300,000 Species as a Model Plant The World of Animals Is Represented by a Fly, a Worm, a Mouse, and Homo sapiens Comparing Genome Sequences Reveals Life’s Common Heritage * * * * Intruduction to Cells Unity and diversity of cells Cell Vary Enormously in Appearance and Function * * Living Cells All Have a Similar Basic Chemistry Define: Life is growth and reproduction 化学上惊人的相似 大部分功能参与相似的机制 由有相似功能的分子组成参与相同的化学反应 所有的遗传指令多被贮存在DNA分子中 * * All Present-Day Cells HaveApparently Evolved from the Same Ancestor Mutation change in DNA Change for the worse Change for the better Change neutrally The struggle for survival eliminates the first Favors the second Tolerates the third * Genes Provide the Instructions for Cellular Form, Function, and Complex Behavior * 原核细胞与古核细胞 一、支原体(mycoplast)（最小、最简单的细胞） 二、细菌和蓝藻（原核细胞的代表） 三、原核细胞与真核细胞比较 膜，环状双螺旋DNA，多聚合糖体，700多种蛋白； 细菌的1/10，在培养基上生长。 细菌：环状DNA，细胞膜，中膜体，细胞壁，荚膜，鞭毛， 核外DNA，内生孢子 蓝藻：环状DNA，中心质，光合片层，内含物，细胞分裂 * 肺炎支原体 衣原体 立克次氏体 * 大肠杆菌 * 弧形霍乱菌 淋病球菌 * * * * 古核细胞（古细菌） 古核生物（archaeon），古细菌(archaebacteria)，或原细菌 产甲烷细菌、盐细菌、硫氧化菌等100余种。生于极端环境。 古核生物介于原核生物