关节学总论的学习资料.pptxVIP

关节学总论的学习资料第1页/共29页 Synovial joints 滑膜关节1.Basic structures⑴Articular surface关节面: covered by articular cartilage 关节软骨 ⑵Articular capsule 关节囊Fibrous membrane纤维膜Synovial membrane 滑膜⑶Articular cavity关节腔: containing synovial fluid; negative pressure in it第2页/共29页 2.Accessory structures⑴Ligaments韧带(lig.): extra- and intracapsular ligaments 囊外(内)韧带⑵Articular disc关节盘 and articular labrum 关节唇:⑶Synovial fold滑膜襞 and synovial bursa滑膜囊第3页/共29页 Terms movements of jointsTranslation 移动 Flexion and extension 屈和伸在足部屈称为跖屈,伸称为背屈第4页/共29页 Adduction and abduction 收和展第5页/共29页 第6页/共29页 第7页/共29页 Classification of synovial joints关节的分类Uniaxial joints单轴关节: hinge joints 屈戍关节trochoid (pivot) joints车轴关节Biaxial joints双轴关节:ellipsoid joints 椭圆关节saddle joints 鞍状关节Multiaxial joints多轴关节: ball-and-socket joint 球窝关节plane joints 平面关节第8页/共29页 Articulations of Bones of Trunk躯干骨的连结 ㈠ The vertebral column脊柱 Composition:consists of 24 vertebrae, the sacrum, and the coccyx. 第9页/共29页 1.Joints of the vertebral bodies 椎体间的连结⑴Intervertebral discs 椎间盘 between bodies of adjacent vertebrae, composed of:①Nucleus pulposus髓核, an inner soft, gelatinous胶状的, highly elastic structure ②Annulus fibrosus纤维环 an outer fibrous ring consisting of fibrocartilage纤维软骨第10页/共29页 Hemination of nucleus pulposus 髓核脱出第11页/共29页 ⑵Anterior longitudinal ligament 前纵韧带①Position:Strong band covering the anterior part of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs running from the anterior margin of foramen magnum to the S1~S2 ②function:prevents hyperextension of the vertebral column and anterior protrusion of the discs⑶Posterior longitudinal ligament后纵韧带①Position: Attached to the posterior aspect of the intervertebral discs and posterior edges of the vertebral bodies from C2 vertebra to sacral canal.②function:Prevents hyperflexion of the vertebral column第12页/共29页 2.Joints of the vertebral arches 椎弓间的连结⑴Ligamenta flava 黄韧带― ①Position:unite laminae of adjacent vertebrae, and complete the posterior wall of vertebral canal②funct