cAMP signal pathway分析和总结分析和总结.docxVIP

cAMP signal pathway The main components of cAMP is six parts.There are primary messenger, G protein-coupled Receptors, G protein, adenylate cyclase(AC), cAMP as second messenger, protein kinase A(PKA). All this process like: G protein, trimeric GTP-binding regulatory protein,they function to couple integral membrane receptors to targent membrane-bound enzymes. There are three subunits in G protein- ? subunit, ? subunit and ? subunit.There are an important group on ? subunit-GDP.When ? subunit was divorced from G protein,the GDP would changed into GTP. When hormone from outside of a cell combine on inactive receptor,it will become active form.And ? subunit was divorced from G protein while ? subunit and ? subunit would not. After ? subunit divorced from G protein it will combine on effector which is on cell membrane then activate it. The cAMP is the most important part in this channel. It comes from ATP catalyzed by enzyme called adenylate cyclase short for AC.And it would be catalyzed by PDE which is short phosphodiesterase and transform to 5’-AMP,and cAMP channel would be cut down with the decrease of cAMP. The cAMP is called cyclic AMP,it would combine on inactive A-kinase.A-kinase is formed by two parts,one is regulatory subunit and another part is inactive catalytic subunit,when cAMP combine on A-kinase,the R subunit will change its configuration and the inactive part would become active. In a word,the signal pathway is begin from hormone,and this information will transport to G protein coupled receptors,and adenylyl cyclase and cAMP ,and then cAMP dependent protein linase A,and this signal would end by gene transcription. This signal pathway start by hormone,and it would be ended by two ways.One is cAMP hydrolyzed by phosphodiesterase and the signal pathway is ended with the decrease of cAMP.The other way is Ser/Thr phosphatases dephosphorylate the phosphorylated target proteins.