高考语法讲义：主谓一致.docxVIP

主谓一致 一,＞ 基本概念： 主谓一致：Subject-Verb Agreement 指主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。一般情况下，主 谓之间的一致关系以下三个原则的支配： ＞语法一致原则 ＞意义一致原则 ＞就近原则 .语法一致原则 即主语为单数形式时，谓语动词使用单数形式；主语为复数形式时, 谓语动词使用复数形式。 For example: Tom is a good student.（汤姆是个好学生） We often play football on the playground. .意义一致原则： 指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的具体意义，而不取决于 表面上的形式。 For instance: My family are having lunch now.（我们一^家人现在正在吃午饭） 强调的是家庭成员，看作复数 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.（这本书 20 美元太贵 了） .就近原则： 指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单 复数形式与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。 For example: , There is a pen and some books on the desk.（课桌上有一支4冈笔守口 一些书） ? Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 1)不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应视为单数，谓语动词用单数 形式；但如果主语为and连接的两个不定式、动名词以及从句时, 谓语用复数形式。 Reading often means learning .阅读常意味着学习。 To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good. Having enough sleep and doing regular exercise are beneficial to your health. 例题： How close parents are to their children () a strong influence on the character of the children . A. have B. has C. having D. to have 答案：B 2)当主语由and连接，表示同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念 时，谓语动词用单数，此时and连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。 The composer and singer was well received by the audience .刃口 个作曲家兼歌手受到了听众的认可 3)由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a(n), no时，谓语动词用单数。 Each book and ( each ) paper is found in its place . 每本书和每份报 纸各居其位。 No teacher and ( no ) student was here.没有一个老师和学生在这 里。 注意：以many a或more than one修饰的单数名词后面的谓语用 单数形式，但其意义是复数性的。 each , every , each and every , either , neither , one , another , little , a little和much作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。 ? Each of us has a tape - recorder .我们每个人都有一台录音机。 注意：“复数主语+ each”之后用复数动词 We each have our merits. = We have our merits each. everyone, everybody, everything, anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, nobody, nothing 作主语时， 用单数动词 ? Anyone but you is welcome.除了你，任何人都受欢迎 none , some , any , more , most, all等代词作主语时，动词的单复 数由其指代的词的单复数决定。 All is right. All are present. “all, none , most, majority , part, enough , some , one half, the rest, the remainder + of../5短语,或者 more than ..