动物生物学-假体腔动物.pptxVIP

Chapter 9. Pseudocoelomate: Aschelminthes (Lophotrochozoan and Ecdysozoan phyla);OUTLINE;= Metazoa;Phylogenetic positions of pseudocoelomates;Cladogram of the seven pseudocoelomate phyla;Triploblastic body plans;OUTLINE;Pseudocoelomates are also called aschelminthes (囊蠕虫) for convenience; Aschelminthes include seven phyla with great differences, and their phylogeny is controversial, their origins may be polyphyletic; ;Common features of pseudocoelomates;A vertical section of a female nematode;No muscular or connective tissues are associated with the gut tract; No peritoneum体腔膜 and mesentery 肠系膜 suspend organs in the body cavity, so their internal organs lie free in the cavity; No gastrodermis muscular layer胃层肌肉层, but do have epidermic muscular layer体壁肌肉层; Pseudocoelomates are the first group of animals that possess a body cavity, although pseudocoelom is primitive.;Evolutionary significance of pesudocoelom;OUTLINE;About 2000 species 0.1-3 mm long Ciliated crowns: locomotion and food gathering Mastax 咽内咀嚼器: grinding food Parthenogenesis 孤雌生殖 Most in freshwater, a few marine;Rotifers feeding on green algae ;需精卵;OUTLINE;9.3 Phylum Acanthocephala 棘头;Phylum Acanthocephala;OUTLINE;Phylum Nematoda 线虫动物门;Internal anatomical features of nematodes;Nematode excretory system;Nematode reproductive systems;Important nematode parasites of humans;Enterobius vermicularis 蛲虫病;Necator americanus 美洲钩虫;Trichinella spiralis 旋毛线虫;Wuchereria spp. 丝虫;OUTLINE;? ~ 250 species ? Hairlike body, 30-150 cm ? Juvenile parasitic in arthropods, adult free-living ;OUTLINE;口针;OUTLINE;刺针开口;OUTLINE;Only 16 species 2 mm - 8 cm long Marine;OUTLINE;Phylum Entoprocta 内肛动物门;