动物生物学-原始多细胞动物.pptxVIP

Chapter 7. Primitive multicellular animals7.1 Phylum Porifera/Spongia多孔/海绵动物7.2 Phylum Cnidaria 刺胞/腔肠动物7.3 Phylum Ctenophora 栉水母动物 Highly Organized 严整有序的结构基础Obtain and Use Energy 新陈代谢能力Reproduce 繁殖能力Grow Develop 生长和发育Respond to stimuli 应激性Adapt to the EnvironmentPhylogenetic positions of the Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora Origin of multicellularity - two hypotheses群体学说、合胞体学说 7.1 Phylum Porifera/Spongia1. Evolutionary status2. Major characteristics (key)3. Maintenance functions4. Reproduction5. Classification 1. Evolutionary statusThe most primitive, simplest multicellular animals; An evolutionary side branch. Because of extraordinary difference compared to other multicelluar anial, sponges are also called Parazoa 侧生动物. 2. Major characteristics (key)（1）Body form is non-symmetry or radial symmetry;（2）Sessile lifestyle and canal system or water-current system水沟系统（4）Inversion in embryonic development胚胎逆转（3）Body is made up of three layers, including two layers of cells: epidermis 皮层, mesohyl 中胶层, gastrodermis胃层. （1）Body form is non-symmetry or radial symmetryNon-symmetryRadial symmetryBody can be divided into many equal parts as long as the plane of division passes through the central point of the bodyBilateral symmetryBody can be divided into two equal halves by only a mid-sagittal plane 正中矢状面动物体的对称类型 （2）Sessile lifestyle and canal system or water-current system水沟系统Function: Bring food and oxygen to a sponge; and carrying away digestive and metabolic wastes.Structure: Ascon, Sycon, Leucon Bodies made up of 3 layers?? Division of labor occurs only at cellular level, without tissues or organs ? the outer layer ?? epidermis 皮层? the mesohyl 中胶层? the inner layer ?? gastrodermis 胃层 ? Blastula? GastrulaeDiploblastic organization, the simplest tissue-level organizationEpidermis: derived from ectodermGastrodermis: derived from endoderm The outer layer ?? epidermis 皮层?? consisting of single layer cellssingle-layer pinacocyte 单层扁平细胞 + p