动物生物学-第1章 生命的基本特征.pptxVIP

What is the essence of life?Common Characteristics of Living Things Identify the common characteristics of living organismsHighly Organized 严整有序的结构基础Obtain and Use Energy 新陈代谢能力Reproduce 繁殖能力Grow Develop 生长和发育Respond to stimuli 应激性Adapt to the Environment遗传变异和适应环境能力 I. Living things are highly organized, from the smallest part to the largestAtomsElementsSmall MoleculesMacromoleculesMembranesPopulationsSpeciesCommunityEcosystemBiosphereOrganellesCellsTissuesOrgansOrganisms II. Living things have an ability to acquire materials and energyThe energy (usually sugars, proteins) is required for growth and maintenance;Metabolism involves: 1) Anabolism同化作用: synthesizing complex substances – acquires energy 2) Catabolism异化作用: breakdown of complex substances – releases energy II. Living things have an ability to acquire materials and energy - continuedThis ability is called eating, to convert our food to chemicals that our cells can use via metabolism;Trophic types: 1) Autotrophic: green plants 2) Heterotrophic: animalsThe ability must be able to achieve homeostasis: humans maintain a body temperature. III. Living things have an ability to respond the environmental stimuliThis ability is also called irritability (the ability to react), which results in movement of the individual toward safety. Stimuli could be anything that causes an organism to react.For example: we learned to avoid hot stoves and busy street when we were young; whereas plants grow up toward the sun, and their roots grow down to search water and minerals. IV. Living things have an ability to reproduceThis ability results in renewal of its own species;Two kinds of reproduction 1) Asexual reproduction: splitting or budding 2) Sexual reproduction: Union of a sperm and an egg, causes the great diversity of genetic biodiversity 3) Some organisms are capable of sexual and asexual reproduction V. Living things have an ability to adapt to the environm