动物生物学-环节动物.pptxVIP

Triploblastic, coelomic, metameric body plan Annelida;;Diploblastic: 腔肠动物;Blastula Gastrulae ?? Diploblastic organization, the simplest tissue-level organization Epidermis: derived from ectoderm Gastrodermis: derived from endoderm;Formation of mesoderm 中胚层 Mesoderm appears with development of the gastrulae Methods of formation ? schizocoel method 裂体腔法 ? coelesac method 体腔囊法 ;Schizocoelous method 裂体腔法;Coelesac method 体腔囊法;1. Coelom 真体腔 ? Annelids are protostomate animals 原口动物 ? The coelom forms by splitting blocks of mesoderm Compared with molluscs, annelids have a large coelomic space;Characteristics of coelom (1) the muscles of body wall enhance locomotion; the muscles of gut wall intensify mechanical digestion (2) Peritoneum 体腔膜, a thin layer of mesoderm, covers the parietal体壁 and gut walls, and form dorsal and ventral mesenteries肠系膜 ;(3) The coelom contains circulatory, excretory and nervous organs, and is filled with coelomic fluid (4) The coelom is separated by a septum隔膜, but connected through a pore;Evolutionary implication of coelom ? Resulting in mechanical digestion ? differentiation of digestive tract - to enhance metabolic levels - to promote development of organ-systems in structure and function ? Hydrostatic support 流体静力支持 ? Storage ;2．Metameric body form 同律分节的体制 Metamerism: ?body segments?fundamentally similar in structure in an animal ? segmented both externally and internally, separated by a septum 隔膜 ? besides the first two segments, the segments are the same in structure ?? each segment has its own circulatory, excretory, and nervous structures;Tagmatization 异律分节 - the specialization of body parts A few annelids display tagmatization;segmented both externally and internally, separated by a septum隔膜 some organ-systems are arranged in each segment;Evolutionary implication of metamerism (1) flexible support and efficient locomotion by using a hydrostatic skeleton, against which muscles operate (2) each segment has its own circulatory, excretory, and