动物生物学-第3章 生命的基本单位（细胞）.pptxVIP

What is an animal made up of ?Basic components of an animalChapter 2. From Molecules to Cells;Chapter 3. Embryonic Development;Chapter 4. Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems Chapter 2. From Molecules to CellsSection 1. Chemical Composition and Main Macromolecules of a Cell Concept: What are cells? Cells are the basic organizational units of life 2. Chemical Composition of a CellElements: C, H, N, O (96%); P, S, Ca (3.35%); Fe, Mn, Cu, ZnCompounds: Carbohydrate, Protein, DNA, RNA, Lipid; Mineral salt, Water 3. Biomolecules in a CellSmall MoleculesMacromoleculesMacromolecule ComplexMonosaccharidePolysaccharidesGlycoproteinAmino acidProteinGlycolipid糖脂NucleotideDNA or RNALipoproteinLipidVitamineWaterMineral salt 4. Cell TypesProkaryotic CellEukaryotic Cell 1) Plant Cell 2) Animal Cell CytoplasmA typical animal cell Comparison of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic CellsComponentProkaryoteEukaryoteOrganization of genetic materialNucleus, Nucleolus×√No. of Chromosomes11DNA with Histones×√Mitosis occurs×√Genetic RecombinationPartialMeiosisMitochondria×√Chloroplasts×√Plasma MembraneUsually NoYesFlagella鞭毛One fiber1 fiberEndoplasmic Reticulum×√ComponentProkaryoteEukaryoteSimpler OrganellesRibosomes70S80SLysosomes11Microtubules×√Cytoskeleton×√Vacuoles√√Vesicles√√DifferentiationRudimentaryTissues Golgi Apparatus×√Cell WallsComplexSimplerProkaryote: no nucleus/nucleolus/nuclear envelope/classic organelles (simpler, less info)Eukaryote: nucleus/nucleolus/nuclear envelope/classic organelles (complex) Comparison of Plant and Animal CellsAnimal cells possesslysosomes uniquelyPlant cells possesscell wall and chloroplasts 5. The morphology of cellsDiverse morphology of cells shapes differential functions Section 2. Basic Structure of an Animal Cell1. Biological Membrane System 生物膜系统 2. Genetic Information Center 遗传信息表达系统3. Cytoskeleton System 细胞骨