【行业报告】世界银行-奎达劳动力中的妇女：奎达城市家庭调查结果-巴基斯坦性别和社会包容平台以及贫困与.docxVIP

WOMEN IN THE WORKFORCE IN QUETTA: RESULTS FROM THE QUETTA URBAN HOUSEHOLD SURVEY Pakistan Gender and Social Inclusion Platform Pakistan Poverty and Equity Program August 2022 Abstract. Pakistan’s female labor force participation (FLFP) remains low by regional and global standards. Furthermore, data show major disparities between rural and urban FLFP, with the latter being signifi- cantly lower. This note contains analysis of women’s labor market outcomes as reported by women in the city of Quetta, Balochistan Province, using data from the World Bank’s 2021 Quetta Urban Household Sur- vey (QUHS).1 The multipurpose QUHS (as well as a sim- ilar survey conducted in urban Peshawar in 2020) at- tempts to improve measurement of FLFP by collecting information on labor market outcomes directly from all working-age household members. Hence, in terms of implementation, it differs from standard labor force surveys (LFSs) in Pakistan that use one or two proxy respondents to report for other household members. It also increases the number of questions that directly list all possible forms of female employment. Finally, it al- lows for a more comprehensive definition of employment by accounting for production of goods for family use. Self-reporting of labor status in the QUHS allows for more accurate estimates of FLFP in urban Pakistan compared to what is reported in the most recent LFS. According to benchmarks from different subsamples in the 2020–21 LFS, the FLFP estimates from the QUHS always yield higher rates of FLFP (16.1 percent). The difference between the FLFP estimates in the two sur- veys is significant at the 99 percent level. On the con- trary, in the case of men, the difference in estimates of labor force participation between the surveys is smaller and not always significant. When production of goods for family use is included in the accounting of female employment, FLFP increases by a small margin (17.6 percent). The employment profile of women in urban Quetta