超短脉冲的产生.pptxVIP

超短脉冲的产生第1页/共59页 The Metric SystemPrefixes:Milli (m) 10-3Micro (μ) 10-6Nano (n) 10-9Pico (p) 10-12Femto (f) 10-15Atto (a) 10-18Kilo (k) 10+3Mega (M) 10+6Giga (G) 10+9Tera (T) 10+12Peta (P) 10+15SmallBigWe’ll need to really know the metric system because the pulses are incredibly short and the powers and intensities can be incredibly high.第2页/共59页 The Trotting Horse” ControversyPalo Alto, CA 1872The Birth of Ultrafast TechnologyLeland Stanford（马场老板）Eadweard Muybridge(英国摄影师)Time Resolution:1/60th of a secondBet: Do all four hooves of a trotting horse ever simultaneously leave the ground?第3页/共59页 Trotting Horse第4页/共59页 Harold EdgertonMIT, 1942“How to Make Apple sauce at MIT” 1964“Splash on a Glass”Curtis HurleyJunior High School student1996Time Resolution: a few microsecondsDoc Edgerton - Strobe Photography第5页/共59页 时间尺度电子运动时间尺度： 阿秒 （1as=10-18s)，电子绕氢原子核一周大约是150阿秒；原子转动时间尺度： 皮秒 （1ps=10-12s）原子振动时间尺度：飞秒 （1 fs=10-15s)如监测化学反应过程，需飞秒尺度第6页/共59页 The Generation of Ultrashort Laser PulsesThe importance of bandwidthMore than just a light bulbLaser modes and mode-lockingMaking shorter and shorter pulses Pulse-pumping Q-switching and distributed-feedback lasers Passive mode-locking and the saturable absorber Kerr-lensing and Ti:Sapphire Active mode-locking Other mode-locking techniquesLimiting factorsCommercial lasers 第7页/共59页 But first: the progress has been amazing!YEARNd:glassS-P DyeDyeCW DyeNd:YAGDiodeNd:YLFCr:YAGCr:LiS(C)AFEr:fiberCr:forsteriteTi:sapphireCPMw/CompressionColorCenter1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995Dye2000SHORTEST PULSE DURATION10ps1ps100fs10fs2005Nd:fiberThe shortest pulse vs. year (for different media)第8页/共59页 Continuous vs. ultrashort pulses of lightA constant and a delta-function are a Fourier-Transform pair.Continuous beam:Ultrashort pulse:Irradiance vs. timeSpectrumtimetimefrequencyfrequency第9页/共59页 Long vs. short pulses of lightThe uncertainty principle says that the product of the temporal and spectral pulse widths is greate