生物化学IILectureAminoacidcatabolism的学习教案.pptxVIP

生物化学IILectureAminoacidcatabolism的学习教案第1页/共23页 Amino acid metabolismAmino acids are not stored like glucose or fatty acidsIe: no polymeric form dedicated for “reserves” of amino acidsOnly muscle provides any real source if not supplemented in dietHumans lost ability to synthesize 10 amino acids Most of them require complex pathways, lots of energy, lots of enzymesWhy can’t we synthesize them? Evolutionary advantage?Excess amino acids cannot be stored and therefore are broken downGlycolysis/TCA cycle intermediates第2页/共23页 Amino acid oxidationAmino acids large source of energyDepending on animal can be as much as 90% (carnivores)Essentially 2 pathways to consider when breaking down amino acids:Fate of amino groupFate of carbon skeleton第3页/共23页 Transamination and DeaminationExample of transamination Glutamate is always involved in transamination (aminotransferase) reactions.Many types of transaminases that are specific for a certain amino acidCoenzyme PLP (pyridoxal phosphate (Vit B6)) is required by all transaminasesTransamination and deaminations involved in removal of amino group from an amino acidPLP第4页/共23页 Pyridoxal phosphateCofactor for all transaminase reactionsActs to transfer an amino group from an amino acid to a keto-acidAttaches to a lysine residue on the transaminase enzyme第5页/共23页 Pyridoxal phosphate – rxn mechanism for transaminases第6页/共23页 NH4 transport and deaminationThe oxidation of amino acids leads to a buildup of glutamate (acceptor of NH3)Glutamine serves as the principle carrier (non-toxic) of excess NH4 in the bloodTransported to liver (mitochondria) where it is processed: NH4 is removedGlu Dehase is an example of oxidative deamination(blood)Liver第7页/共23页 Alanine as secondary NH4 carrierAlanine serves to transport NH4 from the muscle to the liverFormed by ala transaminase (seen previously) with glu as the NH4 donorReverse reaction happens in the liver where NH4 is “dropped off” back onto α-KG.第8页/共23页 Oxidation of amino acids, review第9页/共23页 Sp