celldivisioncancer癌症和细胞分裂.pptVIP

celldivisioncancer癌症和细胞分裂目前一页\总数三十四页\编于十一点 Reproduction presents a major problem for cells and organisms: (how can information be transmitted faithfully to progeny)IIIIIIIV= one bit ofgenetic information目前二页\总数三十四页\编于十一点 = one bit ofgenetic informationThe information transfer problem becomes more challenging as more bits of information are incorporated into the organism目前三页\总数三十四页\编于十一点 One of life’s solutions to this challenge: “Package” the bits of information into single units called chromosomes= one bit ofgenetic information目前四页\总数三十四页\编于十一点 chromosomesPackaging of genetic material in prokaryotes and eukaryotesprokaryote celleukaryote cell目前五页\总数三十四页\编于十一点 Fig 2.4 The structure of a highly condensed, replicated chromosome.? 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers目前六页\总数三十四页\编于十一点 A Chromosome目前七页\总数三十四页\编于十一点 BASIC GENETICSEach cell in the human body contains two sets of 23 chromosomes Mitosis identically replicates this informationEach cell therefore has the same genetic materialReproductive cells only have one set of chromosomes. These combine to make a new person with different genetic material to both parents目前八页\总数三十四页\编于十一点 The cell cycle.? 2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers目前九页\总数三十四页\编于十一点 MitosisThe Stages of the Cell CycleinterphaseG1SG2Cell divisionM目前十页\总数三十四页\编于十一点 M stageMitotic StageThe nucleus and cytoplasm split to make two new cellsknown as DIPLOID cells目前十一页\总数三十四页\编于十一点 Every dividing tissue cell in the body is always at a stage of the cell cycle. Whether it is at :-STAGES OF MITOSISCytokinesisThus enabling the body to continuously make new body tissue for growth and repair.Diagram showing the Stages of MitosisProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseInterphase目前十二页\总数三十四页\编于十一点 ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseThe Stages of MitosisInterphase目前十三页\总数三十四页\编于十一点 The Spindle A spindle is a web type structure made up of microtubule fibres. It is essential for mitosis because it arranges the chromosomes into their correct posit