小升初英语知识点复习总结.pdfVIP

常将有日思无日，莫待无时思有时。——《增广贤文》 ⼩升初英语知识点复习总结 ⼩学英语语法汇总 可数名词与不可数名词的区别 普通名词所表⽰的⼈或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表⽰某类⼈或事物中的个 体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory 等)和集体名词(表⽰作为⼀个整体来看的⼀群⼈或⼀些事物，如people, family 等)。如果普 通名词所表⽰的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表⽰⽆法分为个体的物 质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表⽰动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。 ⼆、可数名词的家务事 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指⼀个⼈或⼀件事物时，⽤单数形式；指两个或多个⼈或事物时⽤复数形式。名词由单数形 式变成复数形式的规则如下：1. ⼀般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如： book → books room → rooms house → houses day → days 2. 以s, ss, ch, sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如： bus → buses glass → glasses watch → watches dish → dishes box → boxes 3. 以辅⾳字母+y结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如：city → cities body → bodies 4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如： half → halves leaf → leaves knife → knives wife → wives 5. 特例[悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。] ①child → children②man → men woman → women policeman → policemen(规律：man → men) ③tomato → tomatoes potato → potatoes [悄悄话：英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s 喽！如：photo → photos ] ④foot → feet tooth → teeth[悄悄话：oo变成ee。] ⑤sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形[悄悄话：变复数时词形不变。] ⑥people单数形式表⽰复数意义，要求谓语动词⽤复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指多个民族。 三、不可数名词的家务事 1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句⼦的主语时，谓语动词要⽤单数形式。如：The food is very fresh. 2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发⽣变化。如： water (⽔) → waters (⽔域) orange (橘汁) → oranges (橘⼦) 3. 很多的不可数名词表⽰泛指时为不可数，表⽰种类时就可数，但意义⼤多不发⽣变化。如： fruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs ⽤所给名词的适当形式填空。 1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill? 2. There is some________(food) in the basket. 3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now. 4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle. 5. There are five________(people ) in his family. 6. Let’s take________(photo), OK? 7. I have lots of________(tomato) here. 人人好公，则天下太平；人人营私，则天下大乱。——刘鹗 人人好公，则天下太平；人人营私，则天下大乱。——刘鹗 8. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow. 9. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now. 10. Their________(dictionary) look new. 11. I see you have a few white________(hai