免疫球蛋白的结构与功能的关系.pptVIP

The framework supports the hypervariable loops The framework forms a compact b barrel/sandwich with a hydrophobic core The hypervariable loops join, and are more flexible than, the b strands The sequences of the hypervariable loops are highly variable amongst antibodies of different specificities The variable sequences of the hypervariable loops influences the shape, hydrophobicity and charge at the tip of the antibody Variable amino acid sequence in the hypervariable loops accounts for the diversity of antigens that can be recognised by a repertoire of antibodies Hypervariable loops and framework: Summary 第二十八页，共五十二页，2022年，8月28日 Antigens vary in size and complexity Protein: Influenza haemagglutinin Hapten: 5-(para-nitrophenyl phosphonate)-pentanoic acid. 第二十九页，共五十二页，2022年，8月28日 Antibodies interact with antigens in a variety of ways Antigen inserts into a pocket in the antibody Antigen interacts with an extended antibody surface or a groove in the antibody surface 第三十页，共五十二页，2022年，8月28日 CH3 CH2 Fb Fv Fv Fv Fb Fv Hinge Elbow CH3 CH2 Fb Fv Flexibility and motion of immunoglobulins 第三十一页，共五十二页，2022年，8月28日 30 strongly neutralising McAb 60 strongly neutralising McAb Fab regions 60 weakly neutralising McAb Fab regions Human Rhinovirus 14 - a common cold virus 30nm Models of Human Rhinovirus 14 neutralised by monoclonal antibodies 第三十二页，共五十二页，2022年，8月28日 Electron micrographs of Antibodies and complement opsonising Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Negatively stained EBV EBV coated with a corona of anti-EBV antibodies EBV coated with antibodies and activated complement components 第三十三页，共五十二页，2022年，8月28日 Antibody + complement- mediated damage to E. coli Healthy E. coli Electron micrographs of the effect of antibodies and complement upon bacteria 第三十四页，共五十二页，2022年，8月28日 Non-covalent forces in antibody - antigen interactions Electrostatic forces Attraction between opposite charges Hydrogen bonds Hydrogens shared between electronegative atoms Van der Waal’s forces Fluctuations in