非谓语动词有3种形式.docxVIP

. . ;. ;. 非谓语动词有 3 种形式：不定式、动名词和分词 （一）不定式 具有名词、形容词和副词的性质。 动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可做主语、宾语、状语、标语和定语，但不能单独做谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for/of +名词或代词宾格” 构成。 主动 主动 一般式 进行式完成式 to do to be doing to have done 被动 to be done to have been done 作主语。不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it 做形式主语。 To see is to believe. It’s difficult (for us) to learn English. It’s foolish of her to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him. 二 作表语 His aim is to win the first prize. All we can do is (to) wait. One’s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to… 三 作宾语 He demanded to be told the truth. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in. （decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one’s mind + to do） I don’t know what to do. （decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词 + to do） Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I’d like to be. 四 作宾补或主补 I’ll have him say something at the meeting. have sb do = get sb to do feel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do 但被动语态要+ to, let 例外 Listen to me read the text. He is often listened to sing the song. He was let go by the police. He ordered his men to fire. wish / advise / persuade / allow / permit / want / tell / ask / expect / order / require / request sb to do suggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do He is said to be doing the work of next year. It’s said that he is doing the work of next year. sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known / be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have ( been) done It + seem / appear / happen / be said … / be believe that…. 六 作定语 I have a lot of work to do / no pen to write with. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做…的人 the house to be built next year 比较: the house being built now / build la