具有情态意义的动词不定式的用法.docxVIP

具有情态意义的动词不定式的用法 动词不定式在许多场合具有情态意义，相当于一个节略的从句或起到一个情态动词的作用。例如： He is not a man to trifle with (=who is to be or can be trifled with). 他这个人不好惹。 I’ll tell you how to do it (=how you should do it).我会告诉你该怎么做。 具有情态意义的不定式主要用做定语、表语和宾语等。下面就从这三方面举例说明。 1、作定语时，含有“should, can, must, worth”的意义，例如： That is the right way to do it (=in which you should do it). 这就是正确的做法。There is not a girl in London to beat Mary (= who can beat Mary). 伦敦没有一个女孩能胜过玛丽。/There are still a lot of difficulties to be overcome (= which must be overcome). 仍有许多困难必须克服。 /He is a man to believe in (=worth believing in).他是一个值得信赖的人。 作定语时，不定式的被动形式和主动形式在意义上有时有点差别，例如：There are no men to send (=we should send).没有人可派。（句子的含义是：还有些人， 但都不合适。）/There are no men to be sent (=that can be sent). 派不出人人。（句子的含义是：所有的人都派出去了。） 2、作表语时，（包括联系动词在内）有时含有“must, can, what is determined, planned or destined”的意义，例如：you are to start at eight tomorrow morning. (=must start…) 你必须明晨八时动身。/An account of the even is to be heard over the radio. (= can be heard…) 这个事件的报道，可以在收音机听到。 /What am I to do next? (= What do you want me to …?) 下一步我该怎么办？ 不定式的被动否定形式作表语含有“not allowed , prohibited”的意义，例如： No part of the book is to be reproduced without permission of the publisher. (=allowed to be reproduced…) 版权所有，不得翻印。 3、带连接代（副）词的不定式作宾语时，相当于一个节略的从句，含有“should, could”的意义，例如：I don’t know what to do (=what I am to du or should do). 我不知道该怎么办。/He is thinking of how to start it (= how he should start it). 他在考虑如何动手。/ I told him where to find it (= where he could find it). 我曾告诉过他在哪里可以找到它。 此外，许多带逻辑主语的不定式也多半是从句的节略形式，往往也具有情态意义，常体现在作主语、表语、宾语、状语和定语时，例如：It is not possible for us to admit there is life of any sort on the moon. (= that we should admit …) 我们不可能承认月球上居然会有任何生命。（主语）/I found it difficult for us to try a new method in the experiment.(= that we should try a new method …) 我发现我们在实验中要试用一个新方法是有困难的。 （宾语） /The most suitable job is for her to take care of children (=that she should take care of children). 最适合她的工作是让她照管孩子。（表语）/He opened the window for the fresh air might come in). 他打开了